Semantic Representations from the "Transfer" Semantics ====================================================== Notes to guide interpretation: ------------------------------ 1. Flatness ----------- Consider how the recursive structure of a formula in first order logic guides the determination of its model theoretic interpretation. The introduction of quantifiers results in changing a variable assignment function, which in turn influences the interpretation of sub-formulas perhaps deeply embedded in the scope of the quantifier. The variable assignment function is an item of book-keeping that is used to pass state (in the compsci sense) from one part of the interpretation process to another. A common technique when reasoning with a formula in first order logic is to skolemize it and reduce is to some kind of clausal normal form. This has the effect of making the individual clauses interpretable in a more stateless way. Rather than having to unwind/rewind the variable assignment function to figure out how the clause should be interpreted in its wider context, this information is made more locally encapsulated in the clause itself. This encapsulation, or flatness, makes certain forms of processing much easier. The semantic representations shown here a directly produced in this flatter form. There is no requirement to produce a more embedded logical form as part of some process of compositional semantics, and then flatten it out into a more form. It comes flat from the start. This flatness aids the processing required to do semantic construction, and it also makes it a lot easier to handle ambiguity by a process of packing (though I won't go into this here). 2. Intensionality ----------------- The semantic representations here take intensionality in natural language to be a central and ubiquitous concern. This is not exactly new, though there has been a regretable tendency in NLP of late to pretend that a strictly first order approach is a good enough approximation to what is needed. One way of looking at the representations here is to imagine a Montague style, recursively embedded formula, but flattened out to clausal form. But wherever a predicate takes a formula as an argument, e.g believe(j, love(m,j)) the embedded formula is replaced by a new constant designating a context, and the content of the context spelled out in other clauses, e.g. in_contetx(t, believe(j, b)) in_context(b, love(m,j)) This is also hardly new: one could view the label of the context, b, as being the label of an embedded DRS, as in the Boxer representation. But where a perhaps interesting difference emerges is in the treatment of non-intensional arguments to predicates, i.e. what would normally be view as individual denoting terms. 3. Concepts vs Individuals -------------------------- Quine (correctly) points out that first order quantified modal logic is a rats' nest. The problem arises through "quantifying-in": a variable is bound in the setting of one possible world, but referred to in the setting of a different world. How do we now that the individual bound to the variable even exists in the other world. And even if it does, how can we be sure the individual in question hasn't completely changed its essential characteristics (e.g. gone from cabbage to king)? Although it's somewhat hidden from view in the representations here, there is a serious eschewal of reference to individuals. The skolem terms in the representations do not refer to arbitrary individual matching a description, they refer to descriptions themselves. Or more accurately to the concepts corresponding to the desciption and/or arbitrary sub-concepts of those concepts. One might expect to read the following representation in_context(t, man(m)) in_context(t, sleep(s)) in_context(t, subj(s,m)) as saying that some arbitrary indidual, m, that is a man, and some arbitrary event s that is a sleeping event, and that the agent / subject / A0 of s is m. But in fact what the representation is saying is that a) m is some subconcept of the concept man b) s is some subconcept of "sleep" c) moroever s is a subconcept of sleep obtained by the application of a subj role restriction of sleep by man, and d) the subconcept s (sleeping by man) is non-null in context t Presumably this "sleeping by man" concept will only be non-empty in context t if there is in fact some individual man engaging in an instance of sleeping. But the "m"s and "s"s in the representations never make reference to this individuals, only to concepts that describe them. This, it seems to me, is a neat trick for avoiding Quine's issues with quantifying-in. Concepts are rigid and unchanging across contexts / possible worlds. It doesn't matter what context you are in when you bind some term to an arbitrary (sub)concept. It will be the same concept in all contexts. But what might vary is the extension of that concept in different context. And in fact, we don't even really care what the extension is in a particular context; merely whether it is empty or not. Contexts now become primarily points for judging the emptiness/ non-emptiness of various concepts. This, for example, is why negation introduces an extra context "No man slept." in_context(t, not(ctx(s))) in_context(ctx(s), man(m)) in_context(ctx(s), sleep(s)) in_context(ctx(s), subj(s,m)) veridicality(t, positive), verdicality(ctx(s), negative) context_head(ctx(s), s) The negative veridicality on the context ctx(s) means that the head concept of the context (sleeping by man) has a null extent. 4. Scope -------- The introduction of new contexts, and scope with respect to these context makes a big difference to interpretation. Concerns about quantifier scope (ambiguity) are downplayed, and in any case take a different form given the move from individuals to concepts. Note that traditional chestnuts like "three girls ate five pizzas" usually don't give rise to any scopal proliferation of indivduals. It just says that there were three girls and five pizzas, and that between them the girls managed to eat the pizzas. To get 15 pizzas or 15 girls out of the sentence, additional (context inducing) distribution operators need to be introduced. These can optionally be include in the representation, but typically this option is not taken. 5. Compositionality ------------------- This is nothing particularly to do with the form of the representations here; but some inflammatory remarks about compositional semantics (I see little use for it): * Compositionality mismatch between NL and (current) inference systems: All NL systems that reason with a knowledge-based back-end have a component that massages linguistically motived semantic representations into a form better suited for inference * Rule-to-rule hypothesis is untenable: Many current (ML) parsers are black boxes, with no external access to a lexicon, grammar, or derivation history; but they deserve a semantics too * Generalization to the worst case A desire for uniformity of construction can lead to needlessly baroque semantic representations * Meaning (in)sensitivity: Type driven compositionality (e.g. glue semantics) is blind to the actual meanings of words; but sometimes the form of the semantic representation should depend on the precise meanings of some of the words * Semantic ambiguity: Alternative interpretations without underlying syntactic or lexical ambiguity (quantifier scope, anaphora, ellipsis) indicates that strict compositionality is known to be broken anyway WeSearch Exemplar Representations --------------------------------- These representations have been reformatted from system output to improve readability. This includes removing a good deal of useful information (e.g. word senses, verbnet and other lexical classes, character positions of terms, etc). This is output obtained from the results of the XLE parser. The Clear parser does not always provide the best parse in its 1-best list, and the xfr semantics for Clear is not yet set up to run on n-best output (as it is for XLE, via packing) ;;; ;;; Clausal Complements ;;; context_head(ctx(bark_22_61),bark_22_61) context_head(t,think_4_61) in_context(ctx(bark_22_61),cardinality(they_17_61,pl)) in_context(ctx(bark_22_61),past(bark_22_61)) in_context(ctx(bark_22_61),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_22_61,they_17_61)) in_context(t,cardinality(we_1_61,pl)) in_context(t,past(think_4_61)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),think_4_61,ctx(bark_22_61))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),think_4_61,we_1_61)) likely_pronoun_form(they_17_61,they) likely_pronoun_form(we_1_61,they) veridicality(ctx(bark_22_61),a) veridicality(t,p) 'We thought that they barked.' context_head(ctx(vote_27_2),vote_27_2) context_head(t,forget_6_2) in_context(ctx(vote_27_2),cardinality(they_18_2,pl)) in_context(ctx(vote_27_2),past(vote_27_2)) in_context(ctx(vote_27_2),perf(vote_27_2)) in_context(ctx(vote_27_2),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_27_2,they_18_2)) in_context(t,cardinality(they_1_2,pl)) in_context(t,past(forget_6_2)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),forget_6_2,ctx(vote_27_2))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),forget_6_2,they_1_2)) likely_pronoun_form(they_18_2,they) likely_pronoun_form(they_1_2,they) pronoun_res(they_18_2,they_1_2) veridicality(ctx(vote_27_2),p) veridicality(t,p) 'They forgot that they had voted.' context_head(ctx(arrive_21_62),arrive_21_62) context_head(ctx(not_17_62),not_17_62) context_head(t,know_5_62) context_index(ctx(interrogative_22_62),interrogative) in_context(ctx(arrive_21_62),past(arrive_21_62)) in_context(ctx(arrive_21_62),perf(arrive_21_62)) in_context(ctx(arrive_21_62),query_term(who_10_62)) in_context(ctx(arrive_21_62),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),arrive_21_62,yet_29_62)) in_context(ctx(arrive_21_62),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_21_62,who_10_62)) in_context(ctx(interrogative_22_62),interrogative(ctx(not_17_62))) in_context(ctx(not_17_62),cardinality(who_10_62,sg)) in_context(ctx(not_17_62),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),ctx(arrive_21_62),not_17_62)) in_context(t,cardinality(she_1_62,sg)) in_context(t,past(know_5_62)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),know_5_62,ctx(interrogative_22_62))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),know_5_62,she_1_62)) likely_pronoun_form(she_1_62,she) likely_pronoun_form(who_10_62,he_or_she) veridicality(ctx(arrive_21_62),a) veridicality(ctx(interrogative_22_62),a) veridicality(ctx(not_17_62),a) veridicality(t,p) 'She knew who hadn\'t arrived yet.' context_head(ctx(say_24_63),say_24_63) context_head(t,'rely#on'_4_63) in_context(ctx(say_24_63),cardinality(they_19_63,pl)) in_context(ctx(say_24_63),cardinality(what_14_63,sg)) in_context(ctx(say_24_63),past(say_24_63)) in_context(ctx(say_24_63),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),say_24_63,what_14_63)) in_context(ctx(say_24_63),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),say_24_63,they_19_63)) in_context(t,cardinality(he_1_63,sg)) in_context(t,past('rely#on'_4_63)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),'rely#on'_4_63,what_14_63)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),'rely#on'_4_63,he_1_63)) likely_pronoun_form(he_1_63,he) likely_pronoun_form(they_19_63,they) likely_pronoun_form(what_14_63,it) veridicality(ctx(say_24_63),a) veridicality(t,p) 'He relied on what they said.' context_head(ctx(vote_10_64),vote_10_64) context_head(t,surprise_16_64) in_context(ctx(vote_10_64),cardinality(they_5_64,pl)) in_context(ctx(vote_10_64),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),vote_10_64,they_5_64)) in_context(ctx(vote_10_64),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_10_64,they_5_64)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_26_64,sg)) in_context(t,past(surprise_16_64)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),surprise_16_64,vote_10_64)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),surprise_16_64,i_26_64)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),surprise_16_64,ctx(vote_10_64))) likely_pronoun_form(i_26_64,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(they_5_64,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_16_64),p) veridicality(t,p) 'How they voted surprised me.' context_head(ctx(vote_13_66),vote_13_66) context_head(t,surprise_20_66) in_context(ctx(vote_13_66),cardinality(they_1_66,pl)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_66),cardinality(vote_13_66,sg)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_66),progr(vote_13_66)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_66),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),vote_13_66,early_7_66)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_66),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_13_66,they_1_66)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_30_66,sg)) in_context(t,past(surprise_20_66)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),surprise_20_66,i_30_66)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),surprise_20_66,ctx(vote_13_66))) likely_pronoun_form(i_30_66,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(they_1_66,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_13_66),p) veridicality(t,p) 'Them voting early surprised me.' context_head(ctx(vote_13_68), vote_13_68) context_head(t,surprise_20_68) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),cardinality(they_1_68,pl)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),cardinality(vote_13_68,sg)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),progr(vote_13_68)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),vote_13_68,early_7_68)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),vote_13_68,they_1_68)) in_context(ctx(vote_13_68),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_13_68,they_1_68)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_30_68,sg)) in_context(t,past(surprise_20_68)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),surprise_20_68,i_30_68)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),surprise_20_68,ctx(vote_13_68))) likely_pronoun_form(i_30_68,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(they_1_68,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_13_68),p) veridicality(t,p) 'Their early voting surprised me.' 'Their voting early surprised me.' ;;; ;;; Coordination ;;; context_head(t,dance_19_69) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_69,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_12_69,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(abrams_1_69,group_object_1_69)) in_context(t,is_element(browne_12_69,group_object_1_69)) in_context(t,past(dance_19_69)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_69,name,abrams)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_12_69,name,browne)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),dance_19_69,abrams_1_69)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),dance_19_69,browne_12_69)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),dance_19_69,group_object_1_69)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_69,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(browne_12_69,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(group_object_1_69,they) name_source(abrams_1_69,morphology) name_source(browne_12_69,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams and Browne danced.' context_head(ctx(cat_10_70),cat_10_70) context_head(ctx(dog_5_70),dog_5_70) context_head(ctx(picture_18_70),picture_18_70) context_head(t,arrive_26_70) context_index(ctx(dog_5_70),arrive_26_70) in_context(ctx(cat_10_70),cardinality(cat_10_70,sg)) in_context(ctx(cat_10_70),is_element(cat_10_70,group_object_1_70)) in_context(ctx(cat_10_70),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_26_70,cat_10_70)) in_context(ctx(cat_10_70),specifier(cat_10_70,the)) in_context(ctx(dog_5_70),cardinality(dog_5_70,sg)) in_context(ctx(dog_5_70),is_element(dog_5_70,group_object_1_70)) in_context(ctx(dog_5_70),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_26_70,dog_5_70)) in_context(ctx(dog_5_70),specifier(dog_5_70,the)) in_context(ctx(picture_18_70),cardinality(picture_18_70,sg)) in_context(ctx(picture_18_70),is_element(picture_18_70,group_object_1_70)) in_context(ctx(picture_18_70),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_26_70,picture_18_70)) in_context(ctx(picture_18_70),specifier(picture_18_70,the)) in_context(t,coord_or([ctx(dog_5_70),ctx(cat_10_70),ctx(picture_18_70)])) in_context(t,past(arrive_26_70)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_26_70,group_object_1_70)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_10_70,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_70,it) likely_pronoun_form(group_object_1_70,they) likely_pronoun_form(picture_18_70,it) veridicality(ctx(cat_10_70),a) veridicality(ctx(dog_5_70),a) veridicality(ctx(picture_18_70),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog, cat, or picture arrived.' context_head(t,arrive_25_71) in_context(t,cardinality(colleague_15_71,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(friend_4_71,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_1_71,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(colleague_15_71,group_object_4_71)) in_context(t,is_element(friend_4_71,group_object_4_71)) in_context(t,past(arrive_25_71)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),colleague_15_71,i_1_71)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),friend_4_71,i_1_71)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_25_71,colleague_15_71)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_25_71,friend_4_71)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_25_71,group_object_4_71)) likely_pronoun_form(colleague_15_71,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(friend_4_71,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(group_object_4_71,they) likely_pronoun_form(i_1_71,he_or_she) veridicality(t,p) 'My friend and colleague arrived.' context_head(t,old_23_72) context_index(t,bark_8_72) context_index(t,be_19_72) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_72,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(bark_8_72,complex_event_1_72)) in_context(t,is_element(be_19_72,complex_event_1_72)) in_context(t,past(bark_8_72)) in_context(t,past(be_19_72)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_72,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),abrams_1_72,old_23_72)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_8_72,abrams_1_72)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_72,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_1_72,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams barked and was old.' XXX: Messed up, should have tense marking on copula context, not "be" context_head(ctx(arrive_31_73),arrive_31_73) context_head(t,complex_event_1_73) context_index(t,expect_19_73) context_index(t,want_8_73) in_context(ctx(arrive_31_73),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_31_73,abrams_1_73)) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_73,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(expect_19_73,complex_event_1_73)) in_context(t,is_element(want_8_73,complex_event_1_73)) in_context(t,past(expect_19_73)) in_context(t,past(want_8_73)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_73,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),expect_19_73,ctx(arrive_31_73))) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),want_8_73,ctx(arrive_31_73))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),expect_19_73,abrams_1_73)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),want_8_73,abrams_1_73)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_73,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_1_73,morphology) veridicality(ctx(arrive_31_73),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams wanted and expected to arrive.' context_head(t,fierce_20_74) context_head(t,old_12_74) context_index(t,acoord) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_74,sg)) in_context(t,pres(t)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_5_74,fierce_20_74)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_5_74,old_12_74)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_74,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_74,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog is old and fierce.' context_head(t,bark_9_75) in_context(t,cardinality('_date_'_19_75,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality('_date_'_33_75,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_75,sg)) in_context(t,past(bark_9_75)) in_context(t,role(hier(daterange,[[daterange]]),'_date_'_19_75,'XXXX-1--XXXX-1')) in_context(t,role(hier(daterange,[[daterange]]),'_date_'_33_75,'XXXX-3--XXXX-3')) in_context(t,role(hier(on,[[on,evgrel,vgrel,root],[on,whn,temporal,vgrel,root]]),bark_9_75,'_date_'_19_75)) in_context(t,role(hier(on,[[on,evgrel,vgrel,root],[on,whn,temporal,vgrel,root]]),bark_9_75,'_date_'_33_75)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_9_75,dog_5_75)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_75,the)) in_context(t,time_expr('_date_'_19_75,date)) in_context(t,time_expr('_date_'_33_75,date)) likely_pronoun_form('_date_'_19_75,it) likely_pronoun_form('_date_'_33_75,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_75,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog barked on Monday and on Wednesday.' context_head(t,complex_event_1_76) context_index(t,haw_15_76) context_index(t,hem_4_76) in_context(t,cardinality(he_1_76,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(haw_15_76,complex_event_1_76)) in_context(t,is_element(hem_4_76,complex_event_1_76)) in_context(t,past(haw_15_76)) in_context(t,past(hem_4_76)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),haw_15_76,he_1_76)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),hem_4_76,he_1_76)) likely_pronoun_form(he_1_76,he) veridicality(t,p) 'He hemmed and hawed.' ;;; ;;; Ellipsis ;;; context_head(ctx(be_5_77),null_verb_2_77) context_index(t,be_5_77) in_context(ctx(be_5_77),cardinality(who_1_77,sg)) in_context(ctx(be_5_77),pres(be_5_77)) in_context(ctx(be_5_77),query_term(who_1_77)) in_context(ctx(be_5_77),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_verb_2_77,who_1_77)) in_context(t,interrogative(ctx(be_5_77))) likely_pronoun_form(who_1_77,he_or_she) veridicality(ctx(be_5_77),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Who is?' context_head(t,do_1_78) in_context(t,cardinality(you_5_78,pl)) in_context(t,past(do_1_78)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),do_1_78,you_5_78)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),do_1_78,null_pro_1_78)) likely_pronoun_form(you_5_78,they) veridicality(t,p) 'Did you?' context_head(t,null_verb_3_79) in_context(t,cardinality(null_pro_7_79,pl)) in_context(t,past(be_7_79)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_verb_3_79,null_pro_7_79)) veridicality(t,p) 'There were.' context_head(ctx(null_verb_8_80),null_verb_8_80) context_head(t,try_8_80) in_context(ctx(null_verb_8_80),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_verb_8_80,abrams_1_80)) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_80,sg)) in_context(t,past(try_8_80)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_80,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),try_8_80,ctx(null_verb_8_80))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),try_8_80,abrams_1_80)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_80,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_1_80,morphology) veridicality(ctx(null_verb_8_80),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams tried to.' ;;; ;;; Copulas ;;; context_head(t,browne_11_81) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_81,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_11_81,sg)) in_context(t,identical_to(abrams_1_81,browne_11_81)) in_context(t,pres(t)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_81,name,abrams)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_11_81,name,browne)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_81,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(browne_11_81,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_1_81,morphology) name_source(browne_11_81,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams is Browne.' context_head(ctx(do_18_83),do_18_83) context_head(t,arrive_25_83) context_head(t,could_12_83) context_head(t,was_40_83) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),amount_skolem(all_1_83,all)) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),cardinality(browne_5_83,sg)) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),modal_fut(do_18_83)) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),proper_name(browne_5_83,name,browne)) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),browne_5_83,all_1_83)) in_context(ctx(do_18_83),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),do_18_83,browne_5_83)) in_context(t,modal(could,ctx(do_18_83))) in_context(t,pres(arrive_25_83)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_25_83,null_pro_25_83)) in_context(t,token(was_40_83,was)) likely_pronoun_form(browne_5_83,he_or_she) name_source(browne_5_83,morphology) veridicality(ctx(do_18_83),a) veridicality(t,p) 'All Browne could do was arrive.' XXX: Hopeless analysis context_head(ctx(arrive_33_84),arrive_33_84) context_head(ctx(manage_v_17_84),manage_v_17_84) context_head(t,manager_17_84) context_head(t,with_1_84) derived_word_form(manage_v_17_84,manage) in_context(ctx(arrive_33_84),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),arrive_33_84,abrams_26_84)) in_context(ctx(arrive_33_84),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_33_84,agent_pro_33_84)) in_context(ctx(manage_v_17_84),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),manage_v_17_84,manager_17_84)) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_26_84,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_6_84,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(manager_17_84,sg)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(manage_v_17_84))) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_26_84,name,abrams)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_6_84,name,browne)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_10_84,ctx(arrive_33_84))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_10_84,abrams_26_84)) in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),manager_17_84,abrams_26_84)) in_context(t,role(hier(with,[[with,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),with_1_84,browne_6_84)) in_context(t,specifier(manager_17_84,the)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_26_84,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(browne_6_84,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(manager_17_84,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_26_84,morphology) name_source(browne_6_84,morphology) veridicality(ctx(arrive_33_84),a) veridicality(ctx(manage_v_17_84),a) veridicality(t,p) 'With Browne the manager, Abrams arrived.' context_head(ctx(manage_v_13_85),manage_v_13_85) context_head(t,manager_13_85) derived_word_form(manage_v_13_85,manage) in_context(ctx(manage_v_13_85),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),manage_v_13_85,browne_1_85)) in_context(ctx(manage_v_13_85),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),manage_v_13_85,manager_13_85)) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_1_85,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(manager_13_85,sg)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(manage_v_13_85))) in_context(t,identical_to(browne_1_85,manager_13_85)) in_context(t,pres(be_8_85)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_1_85,name,browne)) in_context(t,specifier(manager_13_85,a)) likely_pronoun_form(browne_1_85,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(manager_13_85,he_or_she) name_source(browne_1_85,morphology) veridicality(ctx(manage_v_13_85),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Browne is a manager.' context_head(t,group_object_1_86) context_index(t,arrive_20_86) context_index(t,reason_5_86) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_13_86,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(reason_5_86,sg)) in_context(t,is_element(arrive_20_86,group_object_1_86)) in_context(t,is_element(reason_5_86,group_object_1_86)) in_context(t,past(arrive_20_86)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_13_86,name,browne)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_20_86,browne_13_86)) in_context(t,specifier(reason_5_86,the)) likely_pronoun_form(browne_13_86,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(group_object_1_86,they) likely_pronoun_form(reason_5_86,it) name_source(browne_13_86,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'The reason: Browne arrived.' context_head(ctx(sleep_16_87),sleep_16_87) context_head(t,plan_5_87) derived_word_form(plan_v_5_87,plan) in_context(ctx(sleep_16_87),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),sleep_16_87,more_22_87)) in_context(ctx(sleep_16_87),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),sleep_16_87,null_pro_13_87)) in_context(t,cardinality(plan_5_87,sg)) in_context(t,pres(be_10_87)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),plan_5_87,ctx(sleep_16_87))) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),plan_v_5_87,ctx(sleep_16_87))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),plan_v_5_87,null_pro_5_87)) in_context(t,specifier(plan_5_87,the)) likely_pronoun_form(plan_5_87,it) veridicality(ctx(sleep_16_87),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The plan is to sleep more.' ;;; ;;; Nominalizations ;;; context_head(t,to_1_88) in_context(t,cardinality(bother_9_88,pl)) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_17_88,sg)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_17_88,name,browne)) in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),bother_9_88,bark_4_88)) in_context(t,role(hier(to,[[to,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),to_1_88,bother_9_88)) in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),bother_9_88,browne_17_88)) likely_pronoun_form(bother_9_88,they) likely_pronoun_form(browne_17_88,he_or_she) name_source(browne_17_88,morphology) nn_element(bark_4_88,bother_9_88,1) nn_list([bark,bother],[bark_4_88],bother_9_88) veridicality(t,p) 'To bark bothers Browne.' XXX: Hopeless parse context_head(t,old_20_89) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_13_89,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(chase_1_89,some_mass)) in_context(t,pres(be_17_89)) in_context(t,progr(chase_1_89)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),chase_1_89,old_20_89)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),chase_1_89,cat_13_89)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),chase_1_89,null_pro_1_89)) in_context(t,specifier(cat_13_89,the)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_13_89,it) veridicality(t,p) 'Chasing the cat is old.' context_head(t,bother_21_90) in_context(t,cardinality(browne_29_90,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_10_90,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(what_1_90,sg)) in_context(t,past(chase_14_90)) in_context(t,pres(bother_21_90)) in_context(t,proper_name(browne_29_90,name,browne)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),bother_21_90,browne_29_90)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),chase_14_90,what_1_90)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bother_21_90,what_1_90)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),chase_14_90,dog_10_90)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_10_90,the)) likely_pronoun_form(browne_29_90,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(dog_10_90,it) likely_pronoun_form(what_1_90,it) name_source(browne_29_90,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'What the dog chased bothers Browne.' context_head(ctx(vote_v_5_91),vote_v_5_91) context_head(t,support_12_91) derived_word_form(govern_v_24_91,govern) derived_word_form(repeal_v_37_91,repeal) derived_word_form(vote_v_5_91,vote) in_context(ctx(vote_v_5_91),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_v_5_91,voter_5_91)) in_context(t,cardinality(government_24_91,pl)) in_context(t,cardinality(government_24_91,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(law_51_91,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(repeal_37_91,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(voter_5_91,pl)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(vote_v_5_91))) in_context(t,pres(support_12_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),repeal_v_37_91,law_51_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),support_12_91,repeal_37_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),support_12_91,repeal_v_37_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),repeal_37_91,govern_v_24_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),repeal_37_91,government_24_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),repeal_37_91,law_51_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),govern_v_24_91,null_pro_24_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),repeal_v_37_91,govern_v_24_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),repeal_v_37_91,government_24_91)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),support_12_91,voter_5_91)) in_context(t,specifier(government_24_91,the)) in_context(t,specifier(law_51_91,the)) in_context(t,specifier(voter_5_91,the)) likely_pronoun_form(government_24_91,it_or_they) likely_pronoun_form(government_24_91,they) likely_pronoun_form(law_51_91,it) likely_pronoun_form(repeal_37_91,it) likely_pronoun_form(voter_5_91,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_v_5_91),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The voters support the government\'s repeal of the law.' context_head(ctx(vote_v_5_92),vote_v_5_92) context_head(t,support_12_92) derived_word_form(repeal_v_30_92,repeal) derived_word_form(vote_v_5_92,vote) in_context(ctx(vote_v_5_92),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_v_5_92,voter_5_92)) in_context(t,cardinality(law_24_92,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(repeal_30_92,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(voter_5_92,pl)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(vote_v_5_92))) in_context(t,pres(support_12_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),repeal_v_30_92,law_24_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),support_12_92,repeal_30_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),support_12_92,repeal_v_30_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),repeal_30_92,law_24_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),repeal_v_30_92,null_pro_30_92)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),support_12_92,voter_5_92)) in_context(t,specifier(law_24_92,the)) in_context(t,specifier(voter_5_92,the)) likely_pronoun_form(law_24_92,it) likely_pronoun_form(repeal_30_92,it) likely_pronoun_form(voter_5_92,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_v_5_92),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The voters support the law\'s repeal.' context_head(ctx(study_v_5_93),study_v_5_93) context_head(t,negative_30_93) derived_word_form(evaluate_v_13_93,evaluate) derived_word_form(study_v_5_93,study) in_context(ctx(study_v_5_93),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),evaluate_v_13_93,study_v_5_93)) in_context(ctx(study_v_5_93),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),study_v_5_93,student_5_93)) in_context(t,cardinality(evaluation_13_93,pl)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(study_v_5_93))) in_context(t,past(be_25_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),evaluate_v_13_93,negative_30_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),evaluation_13_93,negative_30_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),evaluate_v_13_93,student_5_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),evaluation_13_93,student_5_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),evaluate_v_13_93,student_5_93)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),evaluate_v_13_93,null_pro_13_93)) in_context(t,specifier(evaluation_13_93,the)) likely_pronoun_form(evaluation_13_93,they) nn_element(student_5_93,evaluate_v_13_93,1) nn_element(student_5_93,evaluation_13_93,1) nn_list([student,evaluation],[student_5_93],evaluation_13_93) veridicality(ctx(study_v_5_93),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The student evaluations were negative.' ;;; ;;; Comparatives ;;; context_head(t,old_12_94) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_27_94,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_94,sg)) in_context(t,pres(be_9_94)) in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),old_12_94,amount_12_94)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),cat_27_94,old_12_94)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_5_94,old_12_94)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),amount_12_94,dog_5_94)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_lt,[[amount_lt]]),amount_12_94,cat_27_94)) in_context(t,specifier(cat_27_94,the)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_94,the)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_27_94,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_94,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog is older than the cat.' context_head(t,old_12_95) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_27_95,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_95,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(isaiah_31_95,sg)) in_context(t,pres(be_9_95)) in_context(t,proper_name(isaiah_31_95,unknown,isaiah)) in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),old_12_95,amount_12_95)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),cat_27_95,old_12_95)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_5_95,old_12_95)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),amount_12_95,dog_5_95)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_lt,[[amount_lt]]),amount_12_95,cat_27_95)) in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),cat_27_95,isaiah_31_95)) in_context(t,specifier(cat_27_95,the)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_95,the)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_27_95,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_95,it) likely_pronoun_form(isaiah_31_95,it) name_source(isaiah_31_95,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog is older than the cat is.' context_head(t,old_17_96) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_96,sg)) in_context(t,pres(be_9_96)) in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),old_17_96,much_12_96)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_5_96,old_17_96)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_diff,[[amount_diff]]),much_12_96,much_12_96)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),much_12_96,dog_5_96)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_96,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_96,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog is much older.' context_head(t,appear_21_97) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_16_97,pl)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_6_97,pl)) in_context(t,past(appear_21_97)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),cat_16_97,amount_6_97)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),dog_6_97,amount_6_97)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),amount_6_97,dog_6_97)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_lt,[[amount_lt]]),amount_6_97,cat_16_97)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),appear_21_97,dog_6_97)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_16_97,they) likely_pronoun_form(dog_6_97,they) veridicality(t,p) 'More dogs than cats appeared.' context_head(t,appear_33_98) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_19_98,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_28_98,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(null_pro_28_98,sg)) in_context(t,past(appear_33_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),aggressive_8_98,amount_8_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),dog_19_98,aggressive_8_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),null_pro_28_98,aggressive_8_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),amount_8_98,dog_19_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_lt,[[amount_lt]]),amount_8_98,null_pro_28_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),null_pro_28_98,i_28_98)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),appear_33_98,dog_19_98)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_19_98,a)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_19_98,it) likely_pronoun_form(i_28_98,he_or_she) veridicality(t,p) 'A more aggressive dog than mine appeared.' context_head(t,move_4_99) in_context(t,cardinality(it_1_99,sg)) in_context(t,past(move_4_99)) in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),slowly_15_99,amount_15_99)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),move_4_99,slowly_15_99)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount_gt,[[amount_gt]]),amount_15_99,move_4_99)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),move_4_99,it_1_99)) likely_pronoun_form(it_1_99,it) veridicality(t,p) 'It moved more slowly.' context_head(t,brother_24_100) context_head(t,fear_3_100) in_context(t,cardinality(brother_24_100,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_1_100,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_21_100,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(it_8_100,sg)) in_context(t,pres(fear_3_100)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),fear_3_100,'more than'_11_100)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),fear_3_100,it_8_100)) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),brother_24_100,i_21_100)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),fear_3_100,i_1_100)) likely_pronoun_form(brother_24_100,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(i_1_100,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(i_21_100,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(it_8_100,it) veridicality(t,p) 'I fear it more than my brother.' ;;; ;;; Control ;;; context_head(ctx(vote_16_101),vote_16_101) context_head(t,forget_6_101) in_context(ctx(vote_16_101),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),vote_16_101,they_1_101)) in_context(t,cardinality(they_1_101,pl)) in_context(t,past(forget_6_101)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),forget_6_101,ctx(vote_16_101))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),forget_6_101,they_1_101)) likely_pronoun_form(they_1_101,they) veridicality(ctx(vote_16_101),n) veridicality(t,p) 'They forgot to vote.' context_head(ctx(bark_29_102),bark_29_102) context_head(t,persuade_8_102) in_context(ctx(bark_29_102),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_29_102,dog_22_102)) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_102,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_22_102,sg)) in_context(t,past(persuade_8_102)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_102,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),persuade_8_102,ctx(bark_29_102))) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),persuade_8_102,dog_22_102)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),persuade_8_102,abrams_1_102)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_22_102,the)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_102,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(dog_22_102,it) name_source(abrams_1_102,morphology) veridicality(ctx(bark_29_102),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams persuaded the dog to bark.' context_head(ctx(bark_27_103),bark_27_103) context_head(t,easy_7_103) in_context(ctx(bark_27_103),cardinality(dog_20_103,sg)) in_context(ctx(bark_27_103),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_27_103,dog_20_103)) in_context(ctx(bark_27_103),specifier(dog_20_103,the)) in_context(t,pres(be_4_103)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),easy_7_103,ctx(bark_27_103))) likely_pronoun_form(dog_20_103,it) veridicality(ctx(bark_27_103),a) veridicality(t,p) 'It is easy for the dog to bark.' context_head(ctx(respond_17_104),respond_17_104) context_head(t,have_3_104) derived_word_form(plan_v_9_104,plan) in_context(ctx(respond_17_104),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),respond_17_104,null_pro_9_104)) in_context(t,cardinality(i_1_104,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(plan_9_104,sg)) in_context(t,past(have_3_104)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),plan_9_104,ctx(respond_17_104))) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),plan_v_9_104,ctx(respond_17_104))) in_context(t,role(hier(have,[[have,evgrel,vgrel]]),plan_9_104,i_1_104)) in_context(t,role(hier(have,[[have,evgrel,vgrel]]),plan_v_9_104,i_1_104)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),plan_v_9_104,null_pro_9_104)) in_context(t,specifier(plan_9_104,a)) likely_pronoun_form(i_1_104,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(plan_9_104,it) null_pronoun_res(null_pro_9_104,i_1_104) veridicality(ctx(respond_17_104),a) veridicality(t,p) 'I had a plan to respond.' context_head(t,leave_8_105) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_105,sg)) in_context(t,past(leave_8_105)) in_context(t,progr(pay_21_105)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_105,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),leave_8_105,abrams_1_105)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),pay_21_105,abrams_1_105)) in_context(t,role(hier(without,[[without,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),leave_8_105,pay_21_105)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_105,he_or_she) name_source(abrams_1_105,morphology) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams left without paying.' XXX: Messed up: without not lexically marked to introduce a negated context context_head(t,arrive_9_106) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_106,sg)) in_context(t,past(arrive_9_106)) in_context(t,progr(bark_17_106)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),arrive_9_106,bark_17_106)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_9_106,dog_5_106)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_17_106,dog_5_106)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_106,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_106,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog arrived barking.' ;;; ;;; Measure Phrases ;;; context_head(ctx(old_34_107),old_34_107) context_head(t,year_28_107) in_context(ctx(old_34_107),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),year_28_107,old_34_107)) cf(or(C1,or(A1,A2,A3)), in_context(t,amount_skolem('10'_13_107,range(10,10))) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_107,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(year_28_107,pl)) in_context(t,identical_to(dog_5_107,year_28_107)) in_context(t,past(be_9_107)) cf(C1, in_context(t,role(hier(adeg,[[adeg]]),half_23_107,'and-a'_17_107)) cf(or(A5,A2), in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),year_28_107,half_23_107)) cf(or(C1,A2,A3), in_context(t,role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),'and-a'_17_107,'10'_13_107)) cf(A1, in_context(t,role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),'and-a-half'_17_107,'10'_13_107)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_19_107,ctx(old_34_107))) cf(C1, in_context(t,role(hier(dimension,[[dimension]]),year_28_107,'and-a'_17_107)) cf(or(C2,B1), in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),half_23_107,'ten-and-a'_13_107)) cf(B2, in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),year_28_107,'ten-and-a-half'_13_107)) cf(or(B1,A3), in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),year_28_107,half_23_107)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_19_107,year_28_107)) cf(or(A2,A3), in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),year_28_107,'and-a'_17_107)) cf(A1, in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),year_28_107,'and-a-half'_17_107)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_107,the)) in_context(t,time_expr(year_28_107,'+')) cf(or(A2,A3), likely_pronoun_form('and-a'_17_107,it) cf(A1, likely_pronoun_form('and-a-half'_17_107,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_107,it) likely_pronoun_form(year_28_107,they) cf(or(C2,B1), nn_element('ten-and-a'_13_107,half_23_107,1) cf(B2, nn_element('ten-and-a-half'_13_107,year_28_107,1) cf(or(B1,A3), nn_element(half_23_107,year_28_107,1) cf(B1, nn_list(['ten-and-a',half],['ten-and-a'_13_107],half_23_107) cf(B2, nn_list(['ten-and-a-half',year],['ten-and-a-half'_13_107],year_28_107) cf(or(B1,A3), nn_list([half,year],[half_23_107],year_28_107) veridicality(ctx(old_34_107),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog was ten-and-a-half years old.' XXX: Does not seem to be a good parse in here context_head(t,finish_6_108) derived_word_form(run_v_26_108,run) in_context(t,amount_skolem('10'_17_108,range(10,10))) in_context(t,cardinality(run_26_108,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(they_1_108,pl)) in_context(t,past(finish_6_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(amount,[[amount]]),mile_21_108,'10'_17_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(dimension,[[dimension]]),mile_21_108,mile_21_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),finish_6_108,run_26_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),finish_6_108,run_v_26_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(quantity,[[quantity]]),run_26_108,mile_21_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(quantity,[[quantity]]),run_v_26_108,mile_21_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root],['I','E',root]]),finish_6_108,they_1_108)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),run_v_26_108,null_pro_26_108)) in_context(t,specifier(run_26_108,a)) likely_pronoun_form(run_26_108,it) likely_pronoun_form(they_1_108,they) veridicality(t,p) 'They finished a ten-mile run.' ;;; ;;; Parentheticals ;;; context_head(t,arrive_24_109) in_context(t,cardinality(abrams_1_109,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(friend_16_109,sg)) in_context(t,past(arrive_24_109)) in_context(t,proper_name(abrams_1_109,name,abrams)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),friend_16_109,old_12_109)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_24_109,abrams_1_109)) in_context(t,identical_to(abrams_1_109,friend_16_109)) in_context(t,specifier(friend_16_109,a)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_1_109,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(friend_16_109,he_or_she) veridicality(t,p) 'Abrams (an old friend) arrived.' context_head(ctx(be_24_110),abrams_28_110) context_head(t,arrive_36_110) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),cardinality(abrams_28_110,sg)) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),cardinality(it_21_110,sg)) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),identical_to(it_21_110,abrams_28_110)) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),past(be_24_110)) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),proper_name(abrams_28_110,name,abrams)) in_context(ctx(be_24_110),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),ctx(be_24_110),maybe_15_110)) in_context(t,cardinality(consultant_3_110,sg)) in_context(t,past(arrive_36_110)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),consult_v_3_110,be_24_110)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),consultant_3_110,be_24_110)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_36_110,consult_v_3_110)) in_context(t,specifier(consultant_3_110,a)) likely_pronoun_form(abrams_28_110,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(consultant_3_110,he_or_she) likely_pronoun_form(it_21_110,it) name_source(abrams_28_110,morphology) veridicality(ctx(be_24_110),a) veridicality(t,p) 'A consultant (maybe it was Abrams) arrived.' context_head(ctx(infamous_27_111),infamous_27_111) context_head(t,famous_7_111) derived_word_form(make_v_17_111,make) in_context(ctx(infamous_27_111),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),infamous_27_111,that_22_111)) in_context(ctx(infamous_27_111),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),make_17_111,infamous_27_111)) in_context(ctx(infamous_27_111),role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),make_v_17_111,infamous_27_111)) in_context(ctx(infamous_27_111),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),make_v_17_111,null_pro_17_111)) in_context(t,cardinality(circle_47_111,pl)) in_context(t,cardinality(he_1_111,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(make_17_111,some_mass)) in_context(t,pres(be_4_111)) in_context(t,proportion(circle_47_111,some)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),famous_7_111,make_17_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),famous_7_111,make_v_17_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),he_1_111,famous_7_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_10_111,ctx(infamous_27_111))) in_context(t,role(hier(in,[[in,evgrel,vgrel,root],[in,whr,vgrel,root]]),famous_7_111,circle_47_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),make_v_17_111,null_pro_17_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_10_111,make_17_111)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_10_111,make_v_17_111)) likely_pronoun_form(circle_47_111,they) likely_pronoun_form(he_1_111,he) likely_pronoun_form(make_17_111,it) veridicality(ctx(infamous_27_111),a) veridicality(t,p) 'He is famous -- make that infamous -- in some circles.' ;;; ;;; Relative Clauses ;;; context_head(t,bark_22_112) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_112,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(they_9_112,pl)) in_context(t,past(adopt_14_112)) in_context(t,pres(bark_22_112)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),adopt_14_112,dog_5_112)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),adopt_14_112,they_9_112)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_22_112,dog_5_112)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_112,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_112,it) likely_pronoun_form(they_9_112,they) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog they adopted barks.' context_head(t,disappear_21_113) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_113,sg)) in_context(t,past(bark_14_113)) in_context(t,past(disappear_21_113)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_14_113,dog_5_113)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),disappear_21_113,dog_5_113)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_113,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_113,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog that barked disappeared.' context_head(t,bark_27_114) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_23_114,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_114,sg)) in_context(t,past(bark_27_114)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),chase_9_114,dog_5_114)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_27_114,dog_5_114)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),chase_9_114,cat_23_114)) in_context(t,specifier(cat_23_114,the)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_114,the)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_23_114,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_114,it) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog chased by the cat barked.' context_head(ctx(admire_25_115),admire_25_115) context_head(t,bark_33_115) in_context(ctx(admire_25_115),cardinality(we_22_115,pl)) in_context(ctx(admire_25_115),past(admire_25_115)) in_context(ctx(admire_25_115),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),admire_25_115,dog_5_115)) in_context(ctx(admire_25_115),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),admire_25_115,we_22_115)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_5_115,sg)) in_context(t,pres(bark_33_115)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),think_14_115,ctx(admire_25_115))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_33_115,dog_5_115)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),think_14_115,they_9_115)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_5_115,the)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_5_115,it) likely_pronoun_form(they_9_115,they) likely_pronoun_form(we_22_115,they) veridicality(ctx(admire_25_115),a) veridicality(t,p) 'The dog they thought we admired barks.' context_head(ctx(buy_10_116),buy_10_116) context_head(t,arrive_22_116) in_context(ctx(buy_10_116),cardinality(dog_18_116,sg)) in_context(ctx(buy_10_116),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),buy_10_116,dog_18_116)) in_context(ctx(buy_10_116),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),buy_10_116,null_pro_1_116)) in_context(ctx(buy_10_116),specifier(dog_18_116,the)) in_context(t,cardinality(money_1_116,some_mass)) in_context(t,past(arrive_22_116)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),money_1_116,ctx(buy_10_116))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_22_116,money_1_116)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_18_116,it) likely_pronoun_form(money_1_116,it) veridicality(ctx(buy_10_116),a) veridicality(t,p) 'Money to buy the dog arrived.' context_head(ctx(arrive_7_117),arrive_7_117) context_head(t,dog_3_117) in_context(ctx(arrive_7_117),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),arrive_7_117,dog_3_117)) in_context(ctx(arrive_7_117),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_7_117,agent_pro_7_117)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_3_117,sg)) in_context(t,pres(bark_20_117)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_19_117,ctx(arrive_7_117))) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_20_117,dog_3_117)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_19_117,dog_3_117)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_3_117,a)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_3_117,it) veridicality(ctx(arrive_7_117),a) veridicality(t,p) 'A dog arrived that barks.' context_head(ctx(arrive_7_118),arrive_7_118) context_head(ctx(own_v_21_118),own_v_21_118) context_head(t,dog_3_118) derived_word_form(own_v_21_118,own) in_context(ctx(arrive_7_118),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),arrive_7_118,dog_3_118)) in_context(ctx(arrive_7_118),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_7_118,agent_pro_7_118)) in_context(ctx(own_v_21_118),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),own_v_21_118,dog_3_118)) in_context(ctx(own_v_21_118),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),own_v_21_118,owner_21_118)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_3_118,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(owner_21_118,sg)) in_context(t,context_link(agentive_noun,ctx(own_v_21_118))) in_context(t,past(disappear_27_118)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_19_118,ctx(arrive_7_118))) in_context(t,role(hier(of,[[of,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),owner_21_118,dog_3_118)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),disappear_27_118,owner_21_118)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_19_118,dog_3_118)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_3_118,a)) likely_pronoun_form(dog_3_118,it) likely_pronoun_form(owner_21_118,he_or_she) veridicality(ctx(arrive_7_118),a) veridicality(ctx(own_v_21_118),a) veridicality(t,p) 'A dog arrived whose owner disappeared.' context_head(ctx(arrive_17_119),arrive_17_119) context_head(t,group_object_0_119) context_index(t,cat_13_119) context_index(t,dog_3_119) in_context(ctx(arrive_17_119),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),arrive_17_119,cat_13_119)) in_context(ctx(arrive_17_119),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),arrive_17_119,agent_pro_17_119)) in_context(t,cardinality(cat_13_119,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(dog_3_119,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(she_40_119,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(that_25_119,pl)) in_context(t,is_element(cat_13_119,group_object_0_119)) in_context(t,is_element(dog_3_119,group_object_0_119)) in_context(t,pres(belong_30_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),cat_13_119,belong_30_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),dog_3_119,belong_30_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),group_object_0_119,belong_30_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(comp,[['Topic','T',root]]),null_be_16_119,ctx(arrive_17_119))) in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),cat_13_119,a_11_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),belong_30_119,that_25_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),null_be_16_119,cat_13_119)) in_context(t,role(hier(to,[[to,evgrel,vgrel,root]]),belong_30_119,she_40_119)) in_context(t,specifier(cat_13_119,a)) in_context(t,specifier(dog_3_119,a)) likely_pronoun_form(cat_13_119,it) likely_pronoun_form(dog_3_119,it) likely_pronoun_form(group_object_0_119,they) likely_pronoun_form(she_40_119,she) likely_pronoun_form(that_25_119,they) nn_element(a_11_119,cat_13_119,1) nn_list([a,cat],[a_11_119],cat_13_119) veridicality(ctx(arrive_17_119),a) veridicality(t,p) 'A dog and a cat arrived that belong to her.' XXX: Totally screwed up parse context_head(t,admire_4_120) in_context(t,cardinality(he_1_120,sg)) cf(A2, in_context(t,cardinality(that_28_120,sg)) in_context(t,cardinality(yesterday_18_120,sg)) in_context(t,past(admire_4_120)) in_context(t,pres(bark_33_120)) in_context(t,role(hier(evgrel,[[evgrel,vgrel]]),yesterday_18_120,dog_14_120)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),admire_4_120,yesterday_18_120)) cf(B2, in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),bark_33_120,yesterday_18_120)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),admire_4_120,he_1_120)) cf(A2, in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_33_120,that_28_120)) cf(A1, in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),bark_33_120,yesterday_18_120)) cf(B1, in_context(t,role(hier(vgrel,[[vgrel]]),bark_33_120,yesterday_18_120)) in_context(t,specifier(yesterday_18_120,a)) in_context(t,time_expr(yesterday_18_120,'+')) likely_pronoun_form(he_1_120,he) cf(A2, likely_pronoun_form(that_28_120,it) likely_pronoun_form(yesterday_18_120,it) nn_element(dog_14_120,yesterday_18_120,1) nn_list([dog,yesterday],[dog_14_120],yesterday_18_120) veridicality(t,p) 'He admired a dog yesterday that barks.' XXX: Totally screwed up parse context_head(ctx(happen_9_121),happen_9_121) context_head(t,not_20_121) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),cardinality(he_35_121,sg)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),cardinality(thing_1_121,sg)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),past(happen_9_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),past(surprise_25_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),proportion(thing_1_121,no)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),happen_9_121,surprise_25_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),thing_1_121,surprise_25_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),surprise_25_121,he_35_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),happen_9_121,thing_1_121)) in_context(ctx(happen_9_121),role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),surprise_25_121,which_19_121)) in_context(t,cardinality(which_19_121,sg)) in_context(t,role(hier(amod,[[amod]]),ctx(happen_9_121),not_20_121)) likely_pronoun_form(he_35_121,he) likely_pronoun_form(thing_1_121,it) likely_pronoun_form(which_19_121,it) veridicality(ctx(happen_9_121),n) veridicality(t,p) 'Nothing happened, which surprised him.' context_head(t,trouble_28_122) context_head(ctx(rain_4_122),rain_4_122) in_context(t,cardinality(i_37_122,sg)) in_context(ctx(rain_4_122),past(rain_4_122)) in_context(t,past(trouble_28_122)) in_context(t,role(hier(adjunct,[[how],[adjunct]]),rain_4_122,trouble_28_122)) in_context(t,role(hier(ob,[['T',root]]),trouble_28_122,i_37_122)) in_context(t,role(hier(sb,[['E',root]]),trouble_28_122,ctx(rain_4_122))) in_context(ctx(rain_4_122),role(hier(whn,[[whn]]),rain_4_122,yesterday_11_122)) in_context(ctx(rain_4_122),time_expr(yesterday_11_122,'+')) likely_pronoun_form(i_37_122,he_or_she) veridicality(t,p) veridicality(ctx(rain_4_122),a) 'It rained yesterday, which troubled me.'