"""
A commandline tool for semi-automatically converting CSV to RDF

try: ``csv2rdf --help``

"""


import sys
import re
import csv
import getopt
import ConfigParser
import fileinput
import codecs
import time
import datetime
import warnings
import urllib2

import rdflib

from rdflib import RDF, RDFS
from rdflib.namespace import split_uri

__all__ = [ 'CSV2RDF' ]

HELP = """
csv2rdf.py \
    -b <instance-base> \
    -p <property-base> \
    [-c <classname>] \
    [-i <identity column(s)>] \
    [-l <label columns>] \
    [-s <N>] [-o <output>] \
    [-f configfile] \
    [--col<N> <colspec>] \
    [--prop<N> <property>] \
    <[-d <delim>] \
    [-C] [files...]"

Reads csv files from stdin or given files
if -d is given, use this delimiter
if -s is given, skips N lines at the start
Creates a URI from the columns given to -i, or automatically by numbering if
none is given
Outputs RDFS labels from the columns given to -l
if -c is given adds a type triple with the given classname
if -C is given, the class is defined as rdfs:Class
Outputs one RDF triple per column in each row.
Output is in n3 format.
Output is stdout, unless -o is specified

Long options also supported: \
    --base, \
    --propbase, \
    --ident, \
    --class, \
    --label, \
    --out, \
    --defineclass

Long options --col0, --col1, ...
can be used to specify conversion for columns.
Conversions can be:
    float(), int(), split(sep, [more]), uri(base, [class]), date(format)

Long options --prop0, --prop1, ...
can be used to use specific properties, rather than ones auto-generated
from the headers

-f says to read config from a .ini/config file - the file must contain one
section called csv2rdf, with keys like the long options, i.e.:

[csv2rdf]
out=output.n3
base=http://example.org/
col0=split(";")
col1=split(";", uri("http://example.org/things/",
                    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"))
col2=float()
col3=int()
col4=date("%Y-%b-%d %H:%M:%S")

"""

# bah - ugly global
uris = {}


def toProperty(label):
    """
    CamelCase + lowercase inital a string


    FIRST_NM => firstNm

    firstNm => firstNm

    """
    label = re.sub("[^\w]", " ", label)
    label = re.sub("([a-z])([A-Z])", "\\1 \\2", label)
    label = label.split(" ")
    return "".join([label[0].lower()] + [x.capitalize() for x in label[1:]])


def toPropertyLabel(label):
    if not label[1:2].isupper():
        return label[0:1].lower() + label[1:]
    return label


def index(l, i):
    """return a set of indexes from a list
    >>> index([1,2,3],(0,2))
    (1, 3)
    """
    return tuple([l[x] for x in i])


def csv_reader(csv_data, dialect=csv.excel, **kwargs):

    csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_data,
                            dialect=dialect, **kwargs)
    for row in csv_reader:
        # decode UTF-8 back to Unicode, cell by cell:
        yield [unicode(cell, 'utf-8', errors='replace') for cell in row]


def prefixuri(x, prefix, class_=None):
    if prefix:
        r = rdflib.URIRef(
            prefix + urllib2.quote(
                x.encode("utf8").replace(" ", "_"), safe=""))
    else:
        r = rdflib.URIRef(x)
    uris[x] = (r, class_)
    return r

# meta-language for config


class NodeMaker(object):
    def range(self):
        return rdflib.RDFS.Literal

    def __call__(self, x):
        return rdflib.Literal(x)


class NodeUri(NodeMaker):
    def __init__(self, prefix, class_):
        self.prefix = prefix
        self.class_ = rdflib.URIRef(class_)

    def __call__(self, x):
        return prefixuri(x, self.prefix, self.class_)

    def range(self):
        return self.class_ or rdflib.RDF.Resource


class NodeLiteral(NodeMaker):
    def __init__(self, f=None):
        self.f = f


class NodeFloat(NodeLiteral):
    def __call__(self, x):
        if not self.f:
            return rdflib.Literal(float(x))
        if callable(self.f):
            return rdflib.Literal(float(self.f(x)))
        raise Exception("Function passed to float is not callable")

    def range(self):
        return rdflib.XSD.double


class NodeInt(NodeLiteral):
    def __call__(self, x):
        if not self.f:
            return rdflib.Literal(int(x))
        if callable(self.f):
            return rdflib.Literal(int(self.f(x)))
        raise Exception("Function passed to int is not callable")

    def range(self):
        return rdflib.XSD.int


class NodeReplace(NodeMaker):
    def __init__(self, a, b):
        self.a = a
        self.b = b

    def __call__(self, x):
        return x.replace(self.a, self.b)


class NodeDate(NodeLiteral):
    def __call__(self, x):
        return rdflib.Literal(datetime.datetime.strptime(x, self.f))

    def range(self):
        return rdflib.XSD.dateTime


class NodeSplit(NodeMaker):
    def __init__(self, sep, f):
        self.sep = sep
        self.f = f

    def __call__(self, x):
        if not self.f:
            f = rdflib.Literal
        if not callable(self.f):
            raise Exception("Function passed to split is not callable!")
        return [
            self.f(y.strip()) for y in x.split(self.sep) if y.strip() != ""]

    def range(self):
        if self.f and isinstance(self.f, NodeMaker):
            return self.f.range()
        return NodeMaker.range(self)

default_node_make = NodeMaker()


def _config_ignore(**args):
    return "ignore"


def _config_uri(prefix=None, class_=None):
    return NodeUri(prefix, class_)


def _config_literal():
    return NodeLiteral


def _config_float(f=None):
    return NodeFloat(f)


def _config_replace(a, b):
    return NodeReplace(a, b)


def _config_int(f=None):
    return NodeInt(f)


def _config_date(format_):
    return NodeDate(format_)


def _config_split(sep=None, f=None):
    return NodeSplit(sep, f)

config_functions = {"ignore": _config_ignore,
                    "uri": _config_uri,
                    "literal": _config_literal,
                    "float": _config_float,
                    "int": _config_int,
                    "date": _config_date,
                    "split": _config_split,
                    "replace": _config_replace
                    }


def column(v):
    """Return a function for column mapping"""

    return eval(v, config_functions)


class CSV2RDF(object):
    def __init__(self):

        self.CLASS = None
        self.BASE = None
        self.PROPBASE = None
        self.IDENT = 'auto'
        self.LABEL = None
        self.DEFINECLASS = False
        self.SKIP = 0
        self.DELIM = ","

        self.COLUMNS = {}
        self.PROPS = {}

        self.OUT = codecs.getwriter("utf-8")(sys.stdout, errors='replace')

        self.triples = 0

    def triple(self, s, p, o):
        self.OUT.write("%s %s %s .\n" % (s.n3(), p.n3(), o.n3()))
        self.triples += 1

    def convert(self, csvreader):

        start = time.time()

        if self.OUT:
            sys.stderr.write("Output to %s\n" % self.OUT.name)

        if self.IDENT != "auto" and not isinstance(self.IDENT, tuple):
            self.IDENT = (self.IDENT,)

        if not self.BASE:
            warnings.warn("No base given, using http://example.org/instances/")
            self.BASE = rdflib.Namespace("http://example.org/instances/")

        if not self.PROPBASE:
            warnings.warn(
                "No property base given, using http://example.org/property/")
            self.PROPBASE = rdflib.Namespace("http://example.org/props/")

        # skip lines at the start
        for x in range(self.SKIP):
            csvreader.next()

        # read header line
        header_labels = list(csvreader.next())
        headers = dict(
            enumerate([self.PROPBASE[toProperty(x)] for x in header_labels]))
        # override header properties if some are given
        for k, v in self.PROPS.iteritems():
            headers[k] = v
            header_labels[k] = split_uri[1]

        if self.DEFINECLASS:
            # output class/property definitions
            self.triple(self.CLASS, RDF.type, RDFS.Class)
            for i in range(len(headers)):
                h, l = headers[i], header_labels[i]
                if h == "" or l == "":
                    continue
                if self.COLUMNS.get(i) == "ignore":
                    continue
                self.triple(h, RDF.type, RDF.Property)
                self.triple(h, RDFS.label, rdflib.Literal(toPropertyLabel(l)))
                self.triple(h, RDFS.domain, self.CLASS)
                self.triple(h, RDFS.range,
                            self.COLUMNS.get(i, default_node_make).range())

        rows = 0
        for l in csvreader:
            try:
                if self.IDENT == 'auto':
                    uri = self.BASE["%d" % rows]
                else:
                    uri = self.BASE["_".join([urllib2.quote(x.encode(
                        "utf8").replace(" ", "_"), safe="")
                        for x in index(l, self.IDENT)])]

                if self.LABEL:
                    self.triple(uri, RDFS.label, rdflib.Literal(
                        " ".join(index(l, self.LABEL))))

                if self.CLASS:
                    # type triple
                    self.triple(uri, RDF.type, self.CLASS)

                for i, x in enumerate(l):
                    x = x.strip()
                    if x != '':
                        if self.COLUMNS.get(i) == "ignore":
                            continue
                        try:
                            o = self.COLUMNS.get(i, rdflib.Literal)(x)
                            if isinstance(o, list):
                                for _o in o:
                                    self.triple(uri, headers[i], _o)
                            else:
                                self.triple(uri, headers[i], o)

                        except Exception, e:
                            warnings.warn(
                                "Could not process value for column " +
                                "%d:%s in row %d, ignoring: %s " % (
                                i, headers[i], rows, e.message))

                rows += 1
                if rows % 100000 == 0:
                    sys.stderr.write(
                        "%d rows, %d triples, elapsed %.2fs.\n" % (
                        rows, self.triples, time.time() - start))
            except:
                sys.stderr.write("Error processing line: %d\n" % rows)
                raise

        # output types/labels for generated URIs
        classes = set()
        for l, x in uris.iteritems():
            u, c = x
            self.triple(u, RDFS.label, rdflib.Literal(l))
            if c:
                c = rdflib.URIRef(c)
                classes.add(c)
                self.triple(u, RDF.type, c)

        for c in classes:
            self.triple(c, RDF.type, RDFS.Class)

        self.OUT.close()
        sys.stderr.write(
            "Converted %d rows into %d triples.\n" % (rows, self.triples))
        sys.stderr.write("Took %.2f seconds.\n" % (time.time() - start))


def main():
    csv2rdf = CSV2RDF()

    opts, files = getopt.getopt(
        sys.argv[1:],
        "hc:b:p:i:o:Cf:l:s:d:",
        ["out=", "base=", "delim=", "propbase=", "class=",
         "ident=", "label=", "skip=", "defineclass", "help"])
    opts = dict(opts)

    if "-h" in opts or "--help" in opts:
        print HELP
        sys.exit(-1)

    if "-f" in opts:
        config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
        config.readfp(open(opts["-f"]))
        for k, v in config.items("csv2rdf"):
            if k == "out":
                csv2rdf.OUT = codecs.open(v, "w", "utf-8")
            elif k == "base":
                csv2rdf.BASE = rdflib.Namespace(v)
            elif k == "propbase":
                csv2rdf.PROPBASE = rdflib.Namespace(v)
            elif k == "class":
                csv2rdf.CLASS = rdflib.URIRef(v)
            elif k == "defineclass":
                csv2rdf.DEFINECLASS = bool(v)
            elif k == "ident":
                csv2rdf.IDENT = eval(v)
            elif k == "label":
                csv2rdf.LABEL = eval(v)
            elif k == "delim":
                csv2rdf.DELIM = v
            elif k == "skip":
                csv2rdf.SKIP = int(v)
            elif k.startswith("col"):
                csv2rdf.COLUMNS[int(k[3:])] = column(v)
            elif k.startswith("prop"):
                csv2rdf.PROPS[int(k[4:])] = rdflib.URIRef(v)

    if "-o" in opts:
        csv2rdf.OUT = codecs.open(opts["-o"], "w", "utf-8")
    if "--out" in opts:
        csv2rdf.OUT = codecs.open(opts["--out"], "w", "utf-8")

    if "-b" in opts:
        csv2rdf.BASE = rdflib.Namespace(opts["-b"])
    if "--base" in opts:
        csv2rdf.BASE = rdflib.Namespace(opts["--base"])

    if "-d" in opts:
        csv2rdf.DELIM = opts["-d"]
    if "--delim" in opts:
        csv2rdf.DELIM = opts["--delim"]

    if "-p" in opts:
        csv2rdf.PROPBASE = rdflib.Namespace(opts["-p"])
    if "--propbase" in opts:
        csv2rdf.PROPBASE = rdflib.Namespace(opts["--propbase"])

    if "-l" in opts:
        csv2rdf.LABEL = eval(opts["-l"])
    if "--label" in opts:
        csv2rdf.LABEL = eval(opts["--label"])

    if "-i" in opts:
        csv2rdf.IDENT = eval(opts["-i"])
    if "--ident" in opts:
        csv2rdf.IDENT = eval(opts["--ident"])

    if "-s" in opts:
        csv2rdf.SKIP = int(opts["-s"])
    if "--skip" in opts:
        csv2rdf.SKIP = int(opts["--skip"])

    if "-c" in opts:
        csv2rdf.CLASS = rdflib.URIRef(opts["-c"])
    if "--class" in opts:
        csv2rdf.CLASS = rdflib.URIRef(opts["--class"])

    for k, v in opts.iteritems():
        if k.startswith("--col"):
            csv2rdf.COLUMNS[int(k[5:])] = column(v)
        elif k.startswith("--prop"):
            csv2rdf.PROPS[int(k[6:])] = rdflib.URIRef(v)

    if csv2rdf.CLASS and ("-C" in opts or "--defineclass" in opts):
        csv2rdf.DEFINECLASS = True

    csv2rdf.convert(
        csv_reader(fileinput.input(files), delimiter=csv2rdf.DELIM))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()