21691040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The centers are complete with maps detailing utility lines beneath rides and "safe havens" where people can be assembled away from major structures.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21691041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Vista Chemical Co., with three chemical plants in and near Lake Charles, La., "prepares for every hurricane that enters the Gulf of Mexico," says Keith L. Fogg, a company safety director.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21691042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hurricane Hugo, an Atlantic storm, didn't affect Vista.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21691043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But two other major storms have threatened operations so far this year, most recently Hurricane Jerry this week.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21691044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because hurricanes can change course rapidly, the company sends employees home and shuts down operations in stages -- the closer a storm gets, the more complete the shutdown.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21691045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The company doesn't wait until the final hours to get ready for hurricanes.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21691046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"There are just tons of things that have to be considered," Mr. Fogg says.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21691047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"Empty tank cars will float away on you if you get a big tidal surge."@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21691048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Still, Vista officials realize they're relatively fortunate.@@@@1@7@@oe@2-2-2013
21691049@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"With a hurricane you know it's coming.@@@@1@7@@oe@2-2-2013
21691050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@You have time to put precautionary mechanisms in place," notes a Vista spokeswoman.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21691051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"A situation like San Francisco is so frightening because there's no warning.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21692001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Former Democratic fund-raiser Thomas M. Gaubert, whose savings and loan was wrested from his control by federal thrift regulators, has been granted court permission to sue the regulators.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21692002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a ruling by the Fifth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans, Mr. Gaubert received the go-ahead to pursue a claim against the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas for losses he suffered when the Bank Board closed the Independent American Savings Association of Irving, Texas.@@@@1@55@@oe@2-2-2013
21692003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Gaubert, who was chairman and the majority stockholder of Independent American, had relinquished his control in exchange for federal regulators' agreement to drop their inquiry into his activities at another savings and loan.@@@@1@34@@oe@2-2-2013
21692004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As part of the agreement, Mr. Gaubert contributed real estate valued at $25 million to the assets of Independent American.@@@@1@20@@oe@2-2-2013
21692005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While under the control of federal regulators, Independent American's net worth dropped from $75 million to a negative $400 million, wiping out the value of Mr. Gaubert's real estate contribution and his stock in the institution.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21692006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Gaubert's suit to recover his damages was dismissed last year by U.S. District Judge Robert Maloney of Dallas under the Federal Tort Claims Act, which offers broad protection for actions by federal agencies and employees.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21692007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Earlier this week, a Fifth Circuit appellate panel upheld Judge Maloney's dismissal of Mr. Gaubert's claim as a shareholder but said the judge should reconsider Mr. Gaubert's claim for the loss of his property.@@@@1@34@@oe@2-2-2013
21692008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"It may depend on whether there was an express or implied promise . . . that the federal officials would not negligently cause the deterioration" of Independent American, the court wrote.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21692009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Gaubert's lawyer, Abbe David Lowell of Washington, D.C., says the impact of the ruling on other cases involving thrift takeovers will depend on the degree of similarity in the facts.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21692010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"I don't know if this will affect one institution or a hundred," Mr. Lowell says.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21692011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"It does establish a very clear precedent for suing the FHLBB where there was none before."@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21692012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@MAITRE'D CLAIMS in suit that restaurant fired her because she was pregnant.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21692013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a suit filed in state court in Manhattan, the American Civil Liberties Union is representing the former maitre'd of the chic Odeon restaurant.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21692014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The suit, which seeks compensatory and punitive damages of $1 million, alleges that the firing of Marcia Trees Levine violated New York state's human-rights law.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21692015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among other things, the law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex and pregnancy.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21692016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The suit alleges that Ms. Levine was fired after she refused to accept a lower paying, less visible job upon reaching her sixth month of pregnancy.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21692017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ms. Levine told her employer that she was pregnant in February; a month later, the suit says, the restaurant manager told Ms. Levine that she would be demoted to his assistant because he felt customers would be uncomfortable with a pregnant maitre'd.@@@@1@42@@oe@2-2-2013
21692018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Kary Moss, an attorney with the ACLU's Women's Rights Project, said, "They wanted a svelte-looking woman, and a pregnant woman is not svelte.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21692019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They told her, 'We don't hire fat people and we don't hire cripples.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21692020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@And pregnant women are fat.'"@@@@1@5@@oe@2-2-2013
21692021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ms. Moss said Ms. Levine secretly taped many conversations with her bosses at the Odeon in which they told her she was being fired as maitre'd because she was pregnant.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21692022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Paul H. Aloe, an attorney for Odeon owner Keith McNally, denied the allegations.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21692023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@He said Ms. Levine had never been fired, although she had stopped working at the restaurant.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21692024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"The Odeon made a written offer to Marcia Levine on July 10 to return to work as the maitre'd, at the same pay, same hours and with back pay accrued," he said.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21692025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Aloe said the Odeon "has no policy against hiring pregnant people."@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21692026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@LAWYERS IN Texas's biggest bank-fraud case want out in face of retrial.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21692027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lawyers representing five of the seven defendants in the case say their clients can no longer afford their services.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21692028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The trial of the case lasted seven months and ended in September with a hung jury.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21692029@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The defendants were indicted two years ago on charges that they conspired to defraud five thrifts of more than $130 million through a complicated scheme to inflate the price of land and condominium construction along Interstate 30, east of Dallas.@@@@1@40@@oe@2-2-2013
21692030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The defense lawyers, three of whom are solo practitioners, say they can't afford to put their law practices on hold for another seven-month trial.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21692031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some of the lawyers say they would continue to represent their clients if the government pays their tab as court-appointed lawyers.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21692032@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Assistant U.S. Attorney Terry Hart of Dallas says the government will oppose any efforts to bring in a new defense team because it would delay a retrial.@@@@1@27@@oe@2-2-2013
21692033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@FEDERAL JUDGE ALCEE HASTINGS of Florida, facing impeachment, received an unanticipated boost yesterday.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21692034@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sen. Arlen Specter (R., Pa.) urged acquittal of the judge in a brief circulated to his Senate colleagues during closed-door deliberations.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21692035@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among other things, the brief cited insufficient evidence.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21692036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sen. Specter was vice chairman of the impeachment trial committee that heard evidence in the Hastings case last summer.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21692037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A former prosecutor and member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Sen. Specter is expected to exercise influence when the Senate votes on the impeachment today.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21692038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RICHMOND RESIGNATIONS:@@@@1@2@@oe@2-2-2013
21692039@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Six partners in the Richmond, Va., firm of Browder, Russell, Morris & Butcher announced they are resigning.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21692040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Five of the partners -- James W. Morris, Philip B. Morris, Robert M. White, Ann Adams Webster and Jacqueline G. Epps -- are opening a boutique in Richmond to concentrate on corporate defense litigation, particularly in product liability cases.@@@@1@39@@oe@2-2-2013
21692041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The sixth partner, John H. OBrion, Jr., is joining Cowan & Owen, a smaller firm outside Richmond.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21692042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@LAW FIRM NOTES:@@@@1@3@@oe@2-2-2013
21692043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle, based in Rochester, N.Y., has opened an office in Buffalo, N.Y. . . .@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21692044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mayer, Brown & Platt, Chicago, added two partners to its Houston office, Eddy J. Roger Jr., and Jeff C. Dodd. . . .@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21692045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Copyright specialist Neil Boorstyn, who writes the monthly Copyright Law Journal newsletter, is joining McCutchen, Doyle, Brown & Enersen.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21693001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@New York Times Co.'s third-quarter earnings report is reinforcing analysts' belief that newspaper publishers will be facing continued poor earnings comparisons through 1990.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21693002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The publisher was able to register soaring quarter net income because of a onetime gain on the sale of its cable-TV system.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21693003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, operating profit fell 35% to $16.4 million.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21693004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The decline reflected the expense of buying three magazines, lower earnings from the forest-products group, and what is proving to be a nagging major problem, continued declines in advertising linage at the New York Times, the company's flagship daily newspaper.@@@@1@40@@oe@2-2-2013
21693005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In composite trading on the American Stock Exchange, New York Times closed at $28.125 a share, down 37.5 cents.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21693006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analysts said the company's troubles mirror those of the industry.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21693007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Retail advertising, which often represents half of the advertising volume at most daily newspapers, largely isn't rebounding in the second half from extended doldrums as expected.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21693008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At the same time, newspapers are bedeviled by lagging national advertising, especially in its financial component.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21693009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dow Jones & Co. recently reported net fell 9.9%, a reflection, in part, of continued softness in financial advertising at The Wall Street Journal and Barron's magazine.@@@@1@27@@oe@2-2-2013
21693010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"We expect next year to be a fairly soft year in newspaper-industry advertising," said John Morton, an analyst for Lynch, Jones & Ryan.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21693011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"Next year, earnings will hold steady, but we just don't see a big turnaround in the trend in advertising."@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21693012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@John S. Reidy, an analyst for Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc., said, "The Times faces the same problem of other publishers: linage is down.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21693013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It will be hard to do handstands until real linage starts heading back up."@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21693014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the quarterly report, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, New York Times Co. chairman and chief executive officer, said negative factors affecting third-quarter earnings will continue.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21693015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analysts agreed with company expectations that operating profit will be down this year and in 1990.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21693016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Sulzberger said the scheduled opening of a new color-printing plant in Edison, N.J., in 1990 would involve heavy startup and depreciation costs.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21693017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"With the Edison plant coming on line next summer, the Times is facing some tough earnings comparison in the future," said Peter Appert, an analyst with C.J. Lawrence, Morgan Grenfell.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21693018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"But many newspapers are facing similar comparisons."@@@@1@7@@oe@2-2-2013
21693019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The sale of the company's cable franchise brought an after-tax gain of $193.3 million, part of which will be used to reduce debt.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21693020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The company also has a stock-repurchase plan.@@@@1@7@@oe@2-2-2013
21693021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analysts said they were impressed by the performance of the company's newspaper group, which consists of the Times, 35 regional newspapers and a one-third interest in the International Herald Tribune; group operating profit for the quarter increased slightly to $34.9 million from $34.5 million on flat revenue.@@@@1@47@@oe@2-2-2013
21693022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Drexel Burnham's Mr. Reidy pointed out that "profits held up in a tough revenue environment.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21693023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That's a good sign when profits are stable during a time revenue is in the trough.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21694001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Investors celebrated the second anniversary of Black Monday with a buying spree in both stocks and bonds.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21694002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But the dollar was mixed.@@@@1@5@@oe@2-2-2013
21694003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Stock and bond investors were cheered by last month's encouragingly low inflation rate.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21694004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This news raised hopes for further interest-rate cuts.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21694005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Treasury-bond prices immediately rallied, setting the stock market rolling from the opening bell.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21694006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Dow Jones Industrial Average, up about 60 points in mid-afternoon, finished with a gain of 39.55 points, to 2683.20.@@@@1@20@@oe@2-2-2013
21694007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That brought the average's cumulative gain this week to about 114 points.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21694008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the 1987 crash, the industrials have soared more than 54%, and the widely watched market barometer is about 4% below its record high set earlier this month.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21694009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The stock-market rally was led by blue-chip issues, but, unlike Monday's rebound, was broadly based.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21694010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indeed, over-the-counter stocks, led by technology issues, outleaped the industrial average.@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21694011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Nasdaq Composite Index soared 7.52, or 1.6%, to 470.80, its highest one-day jump in points this year.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21694012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many takeover-related stocks rose after news that a group obtained financing commitments for the proposed buy-out of American Medical International Inc.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21694013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among the biggest winners were brokerage-house stocks, responding to heavy trading volume.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21694014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The government said consumer prices rose only 0.2% last month.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21694015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Economists expected twice as large an increase.@@@@1@7@@oe@2-2-2013
21694016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That news, plus recent signs of economic sluggishness, greatly increases pressure on the Federal Reserve to ease credit further, which in turn would be good news for stocks, investment managers say.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21694017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"I see a lot of evidence indicating a slower economy, and that means my interest-rate outlook has a downward tilt," said Garnett L. Keith Jr., vice chairman of Prudential Insurance Co. of America, one of the nation's largest institutional investors.@@@@1@40@@oe@2-2-2013
21694018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fed officials probably won't drive down rates immediately, Mr. Keith said.@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21694019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Despite the inflation news, several Fed officials still fear consumer-price pressures will intensify because they insist the economy is stronger than generally believed.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21694020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But Wall Street analysts expect further signs of economic weakness in government reports during the next few weeks.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21694021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If so, that will cinch the case for another shot of credit-easing within a month or so.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21694022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That, in turn, is expected to persuade banks to cut their prime lending rate, a benchmark rate on many corporate and consumer loans, by half a percentage point, to 10%.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21694023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"We're not out of the woods yet by any means," said George R. Mateyo, president and chief executive of Carnegie Capital Management Co., Cleveland.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21694024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But the economy "is slowing enough to give the Federal Reserve leeway to reduce interest rates."@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21694025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But many individual investors are leery about stocks because of fresh signs of fragility in the huge junk-bond market.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21694026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Investors also are anxious about today's "witching hour," the monthly expiration of stock-index futures and options, and options on individual stocks.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21694027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This phenomenon often makes stock prices swing wildly at the end of the trading session.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21694028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In major market activity: Stock prices surged in heavy trading.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21694029@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Volume on the New York Stock Exchange rose to 198.1 million shares from 166.9 million Wednesday.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21694030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gaining Big Board issues outnumbered decliners by 1,235 to 355.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21694031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The dollar was mixed.@@@@1@4@@oe@2-2-2013
21694032@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In New York late yesterday, it was at 141.70 yen, up from 141.45 yen late Wednesday.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21694033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But it fell to 1.8470 marks from 1.8485.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21695001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tuesday's rout of a GOP congressional hopeful in a Mississippi district that hasn't backed a Democratic presidential candidate since Adlai Stevenson is another reminder that, at least at the federal level, political "ticket splitting" has been on the rise over the past half century.@@@@1@44@@oe@2-2-2013
21695002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In only one presidential election year prior to 1948 did more than 20% of the nation's congressional districts choose a different party's candidate for the White House than for the House of Representatives.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21695003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Now that percentage routinely equals a third and twice has been above 40%.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21695004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As we know, voters tend to favor Republicans more in races for president than in those for Congress.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21695005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major-party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress.@@@@1@41@@oe@2-2-2013
21695006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite.@@@@1@9@@oe@2-2-2013
21695007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@What accounts for the results of recent decades?@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21695008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21695009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The theory relies on three assumptions:@@@@1@6@@oe@2-2-2013
21695010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@1) Voters can "buy" one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest.@@@@1@61@@oe@2-2-2013
21695011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@2) Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues (programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large) and attending to local issues (constituency service and pork barrel).@@@@1@47@@oe@2-2-2013
21695012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@3) Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21695013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If these assumptions hold, voters in races for Congress face what in economic theory is called a prisoner's dilemma and have an incentive, at the margin, to lean Democratic.@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21695014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon" to their respective constituencies.@@@@1@39@@oe@2-2-2013
21695015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21695016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21695017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21695018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes.@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21695019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21695020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.@@@@1@58@@oe@2-2-2013
21695021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.@@@@1@46@@oe@2-2-2013
21695022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21695023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, first-term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21695024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21695025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.@@@@1@27@@oe@2-2-2013
21695026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21695027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21695028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.@@@@1@39@@oe@2-2-2013
21695029@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21695030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office.@@@@1@53@@oe@2-2-2013
21695031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21695032@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since local benefit-seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Democratic counterparts.@@@@1@39@@oe@2-2-2013
21695033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Is there any empirical support for this theory?@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21695034@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21695035@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21695036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21695037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking.@@@@1@48@@oe@2-2-2013
21695038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21695039@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21695040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21695041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 (when control of that body changed party hands), moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table cannot be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority-party status, over other resources such as committee staff.@@@@1@55@@oe@2-2-2013
21695042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state (a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder).@@@@1@62@@oe@2-2-2013
21695043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's dilemma is more severe.@@@@1@27@@oe@2-2-2013
21695044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21695045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@State government is more typically split along Republican-governor/Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21695046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major-party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.@@@@1@42@@oe@2-2-2013
21695047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21695048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Zupan teaches at the University of Southern California's business school.@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21696001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A House-Senate conference approved a nearly $17 billion State, Justice and Commerce Department bill that makes federal reparations for Japanese-Americans held in World War II internment camps a legal entitlement after next Oct. 1.@@@@1@34@@oe@2-2-2013
21696002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The measure provides no money for the promised payments until then, but beginning in fiscal 1991, the government would be committed to meeting annual payments of as much as $500 million until the total liability of approximately $1.25 billion is paid.@@@@1@41@@oe@2-2-2013
21696003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The action abandons earlier efforts to find offsetting cuts to fund the payments, but is widely seen as a more realistic means of expediting reparations first authorized in 1988.@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21696004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The action came as Congress sent to President Bush a fiscal 1990 bill providing an estimated $156.7 billion for the Departments of Labor, Education, Health and Human Services.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21696005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Final approval was on a 67-31 roll call in the Senate, which sets the stage for a veto confrontation with Mr. Bush over the issue of publicly financed abortions for poor women.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21696006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Reversing an eight-year federal policy, the measure supports Medicaid abortions in cases of rape and incest, but Mr. Bush has so far refused to support any specific exemption beyond instances in which the mother's life is in danger.@@@@1@38@@oe@2-2-2013
21696007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Bush's veto power puts him a commanding position in the narrowly divided House, but a vote to override his position could well pick up new support because of the wealth of health and education programs financed in the underlying bill.@@@@1@41@@oe@2-2-2013
21696008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The measure before the conference yesterday funds the Departments of State, Justice and Commerce through fiscal 1990.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21696009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An estimated $1.32 billion is provided for next year's census, and negotiators stripped a Senate-passed rider seeking to block the counting of illegal aliens.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21696010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Elsewhere in the Commerce Department, nearly $191.2 million is preserved for assistance programs under the Economic Development Administration.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21696011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@And in a footnote to the fall of House Speaker James Wright this year, the conference voted to rescind $11.8 million in unspent EDA funds for a Fort Worth, Texas, stockyards project that figured in ethics charges against the former Democratic leader.@@@@1@42@@oe@2-2-2013
21696012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fiscal pressures also forced the adoption of new fees charged by federal agencies, and an 18% increase in the Securities and Exchange Commission's budget would be financed entirely by an added $26 million in filing fees.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21696013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In an unprecedented step, the measure anticipates another $30 million in receipts by having the Federal Bureau of Investigation charge for fingerprint services in civil cases -- a change that is almost certain to increase Pentagon costs in processing personnel and security clearances.@@@@1@43@@oe@2-2-2013
21696014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The bill doesn't include an estimated $1.9 billion in supplemental anti-drug funds for Justice Department and law-enforcement accounts that are still in conference with the House.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21696015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But yesterday's agreement would make it easier for state governments to handle the promised aid by deferring for one year a scheduled 50% increase in the required state matching funds for law-enforcement grants.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21696016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, the measure adjusts the current funding formula to promise smaller states such as New Hampshire and Delaware a minimum allocation of $1.6 million each in drug grants, or three times the current minimum.@@@@1@34@@oe@2-2-2013
21696017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The odd mix of departments in the bill makes it one of the more eclectic of the annual appropriations measures, and the assorted provisions attached by lawmakers run from $1.5 million for a fish farm in Arkansas to a music festival in Moscow under the United States Information Agency.@@@@1@49@@oe@2-2-2013
21696018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lawmakers scrapped all of a $7.4 million State Department request for the 1992 Expo in Seville, Spain, but agreed elsewhere to $15,000 for an oil portrait of former Chief Justice Warren Burger.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21696019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Ernest Hollings (D., S.C.), who also chairs the Senate appropriations subcommittee for the department, attached $10 million for an advanced technology initiative, including work on high-definition television.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21696020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@His Republican counterpart, Sen. Warren Rudman (R., N.H.), has used his position to wage a legislative war with the conservative board of the Legal Services Corp.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21696021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An estimated $321 million is provided to maintain the program, but Mr. Rudman also succeeded in attaching language seeking to curb the authority of the current board until new members are confirmed.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21696022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The effective date of any new regulations by the current board would be delayed until Oct. 1 next year, and the bill seeks to reverse efforts by the corporation to cut off funds to service organizations such as the Food Research and Action Center.@@@@1@44@@oe@2-2-2013
21696023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The bill also provides $620.5 million to meet U.S. contributions to international organizations and $80 million for peace-keeping activities.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21696024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both accounts reflect significant increases from fiscal 1989, although the amount for peace-keeping shows a 27% cut from the administration's request.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21697001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mercury Savings & Loan Association said it retained Merrill Lynch Capital Markets as its lead investment banker to advise it regarding a possible sale or other combination of the Huntington Beach, Calif., thrift.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21697002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mercury, which has assets of more than $2 billion and 24 branches in California, said the action to improve its regulatory capital position is related directly to new capital requirements mandated by recently adopted federal legislation.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21697003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mercury also said it extended its two-year advisory relationship with Montgomery Securities of San Francisco.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21697004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mercury's stock closed yesterday at $4.875, unchanged in composite trading on the New York Stock Exchange.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21698001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Watching Congress sweat and grimace through its annual budget labors, fighting the urge to spend more, we're reminded of those late-night movies in which the anguished serial killer turns himself in to police and says, "Stop me before I kill again."@@@@1@41@@oe@2-2-2013
21698002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Members know they're doing wrong, but they need help to restrain their darker compulsions.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21698003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Arkansas Democrat David Pryor spilled his guts on the Senate floor the other day after he'd joined the Finance Committee's early-morning pork-barrel revels: "I must tell you . . .@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21698004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@I come to the floor tonight as one who ended up with a busload of extraneous matter.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21698005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was nothing more or nothing less than a feeding frenzy."@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21698006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@He was turning himself in.@@@@1@5@@oe@2-2-2013
21698007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"Frankly, as I was walking back to get in my car, I heard many, many people . . . opening champagne bottles and celebrating individual victories that some of us had accomplished in getting our little deal in the tax bill and winking at this person for slipping this in," he said.@@@@1@52@@oe@2-2-2013
21698008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"As I was driving home, I did not feel very good about myself."@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21698009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We can applaud Mr. Pryor's moment of epiphany, even as we understand that he and his confreres need restraint lest they kill again.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21698010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A good place to start the rehabilitation is a "legislative line-item veto" bill now being offered by Indiana Senator Dan Coats.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21698011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Coats bill, which already has 32 Senate co-sponsors, isn't a pure line-item veto because it would apply only to spending bills.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21698012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Instead it's a form of "enhanced rescission," giving a President a chance to rescind, or strike, specific spending items that just go too far.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21698013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Under the proposal, a President would have a chance twice each year to return a package of "rescissions" to the Hill -- once when he proposes his budget and again after Congress disposes.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21698014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Congress would have 20 days to reject the package with a 50% majority, but then a President could veto that rejection.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21698015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Congress would then need the usual two-thirds majority to override any veto.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21698016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The proposal would restore some discipline erased from the budget process by the 1974 Budget "Reform" Act.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21698017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Before 1974, a President could "impound," or refuse to spend, funds appropriated by Congress.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21698018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Presidents Kennedy and Johnson were both big users of the impoundment power, but Congress saw its chance against a weakened President Nixon and stripped it away.@@@@1@26@@oe@2-2-2013
21698019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Today a President can still send up spending rescissions, but they're meaningless unless Congress has a guilty conscience and changes its mind.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21698020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is like asking foxes to feel remorse about chickens, and naturally rescissions are almost never approved.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21698021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In 1987, President Reagan sent 73 rescissions back to the Hill, but only 3% of the spending total was approved by Congress.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21698022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Senator Coats's proposal would let the proposed spending cuts take place automatically unless Congress acts.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21698023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Members could still try to serve their constituents with special-interest goodies, but the police (in the form of a President) would be there with a straitjacket if they really get crazy, as they do now.@@@@1@36@@oe@2-2-2013
21698024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mr. Coats plans to offer his proposal as an amendment to a bill to raise the federal debt limit before the end of the month.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21698025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@President Bush has endorsed the idea, and at least 50 sitting Senators have voted to support enhanced rescission authority in the past.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21698026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We're told Senator Pryor isn't yet a co-sponsor, but if he and his colleagues are serious about kicking their compulsions, they'll sign up.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21699001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Business and civic operations lurched back toward normalcy here as congressional officials estimated that the price tag for emergency assistance to earthquake-ravaged California would total at least $2.5 billion.@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21699002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"That is a minimum figure, and I underscore minimum," said House Speaker Thomas Foley (D., Wash.) after conferring with California lawmakers.@@@@1@21@@oe@2-2-2013
21699003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"It's impossible to put an exact figure on it at this time."@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21699004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Office of Management and Budget has begun looking into legislation to provide more funds for earthquake repairs.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@And California's 45-member delegation in the House is expected to propose that emergency funds be added to a stop-gap spending bill that the House Appropriations Committee is to consider Monday.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21699006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For the most part, major corporations' headquarters and plants were unaffected or only slightly damaged by Tuesday's earthquake, which registered 6.9 on the Richter scale.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21699007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One of the last big employers in the Silicon Valley to report in, Seagate Technology, said it expects to be back at full strength Monday.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21699008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The day before the quake, Seagate completed three days of emergency training and drills.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21699009@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Echoing the response of almost all big corporations in the Bay Area, Don Waite, Seagate's chief financial officer, said, "I wouldn't expect this to have any significant financial impact."@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21699010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The city's recovery from the earthquake was uneven.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21699011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Banks indicated they were operating at greater than 90% of their usual capacity, but a Nob Hill hotel said tourists had fled, leaving the previously full hotel with an 80% vacancy rate.@@@@1@32@@oe@2-2-2013
21699012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@City crews tallied the wreckage to buildings, but lacked a clear sense of how gravely transportation arteries were disabled.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21699013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among the city's banks, Bank of America said all but eight of its 850 branches were open.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The closed branches, in San Francisco, Hayward, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz, sustained structural damage.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21699015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Power failures kept just seven of its 1,500 automated-teller machines off-line.@@@@1@11@@oe@2-2-2013
21699016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Securities-trading operations were moved to Bank of America's Concord office, and foreign-exchange trading operations were shifted to Los Angeles, the bank said.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21699017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Wells Fargo & Co. said its Emergency Operations Committee -- which met all night Tuesday -- moved its global-funds transfer system to El Monte, Calif., 500 miles to the south.@@@@1@30@@oe@2-2-2013
21699018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Only five of 496 branches statewide remain closed, while 23 of 600 automated-teller machines remained out of order.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699019@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The most extensive damage was in small towns near the quake's epicenter, 80 miles south of San Francisco.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Santa Cruz County estimates total damage at nearly $600 million.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21699021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Santa Clara County has a running total so far of $504 million, excluding the hard-hit city of Los Gatos.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21699022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Oakland officials were still uncertain about the magnitude of structural damage late yesterday; a section of I-880, a twotiered highway, collapsed in Oakland, causing a majority of the deaths resulting from the quake.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21699023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos estimated that damages to the city total $2 billion.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21699024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That includes dwellings in the ravaged Marina district that must be demolished, peeled business facades south of Market Street, and houses in the city's outer Richmond district that were heaved off their foundations.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21699025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many streets and sidewalks buckled, and subterranean water mains and service connections ruptured.@@@@1@13@@oe@2-2-2013
21699026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The federal funds would go to a range of programs, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency, highway construction accounts and the Small Business Administration, according to Rep. Vic Fazio (D., Calif.).@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21699027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@FEMA, which coordinates federal disaster relief, is already strapped by the costs of cleaning up after Hurricane Hugo, which hit the Carolinas last month.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21699028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is likely to get as much as $800 million initially in additional funds, and eventually could get more than $1 billion, according to Mr. Fazio, a member of the House Appropriations Committee.@@@@1@33@@oe@2-2-2013
21699029@unknown@formal@none@1@S@White House spokesman Marlin Fitzwater said there is enough money on hand to deal with immediate requirements.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Bush administration has at its disposal $273 million in funds remaining from the $1.1 billion Congress released for the cleanup after Hurricane Hugo.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21699031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"We feel we have the money necessary to handle the immediate, short-term requirements," Mr. Fitzwater said.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21699032@unknown@formal@none@1@S@He added that the Office of Management and Budget, the Transportation Department and other agencies are "developing longer-term legislation" that should be ready soon.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21699033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Much of the cost of cleaning up after the earthquake will involve repairing highways and bridges.@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21699034@unknown@formal@none@1@S@California lawmakers are seeking changes in rules governing the federal highway relief program so more money can be made available for the state.@@@@1@23@@oe@2-2-2013
21699035@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some things can't be repaired.@@@@1@5@@oe@2-2-2013
21699036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Asian Art Museum in Golden Gate Park reports $10 million to $15 million in damage, including shattered porcelains and stone figures.@@@@1@22@@oe@2-2-2013
21699037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Its neighbor, the De Young Museum, totaled $3 million to $5 million in structural damage and shattered sculpture.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The city's main library is closed because of fissures that opened in its walls, and marble facings and ornamental plaster at the Beaux Arts City Hall broke off in the temblor.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21699039@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ground along the Embarcaderothe street that skirts the city's eastern boundary and piers -- dropped six inches after the quake, wreaking major damage to at least one of the piers.@@@@1@31@@oe@2-2-2013
21699040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At San Francisco International Airport, shock waves wrecked the control tower, knocking down computers and shattering glass.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Offices of the city's Rent Board were destroyed.@@@@1@8@@oe@2-2-2013
21699042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mayor Agnos's $2 billion estimate doesn't include damage to freeway arteries leading into the city, some of which remained closed.@@@@1@20@@oe@2-2-2013
21699043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A major chunk of the $2 billion is expected to be eaten up by overtime for city workers deployed in the emergency, said a spokesman for Mr. Agnos.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21699044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"All of the city's $5.9 million emergency reserve was spent in the first 24 hours" on overtime salaries, he said.@@@@1@20@@oe@2-2-2013
21699045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Insurers struggled to to get a firm grasp on the volume of claims pouring into their offices.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At Fireman's Fund Corp., a spokesman said 142 claims were received in the first 24 hours after the quake, and the company is braced for as many as 5,000 claims from its 35,000 residential and 35,000 business policyholders in the affected area.@@@@1@42@@oe@2-2-2013
21699047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"Claims range from a scratched fender -- and there were an awful lot of cars damaged in this -- to a major processing plant," a spokesman said.@@@@1@27@@oe@2-2-2013
21699048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"We're delivering a check for $750,000 to an automotive business in Berkeley that burned on Tuesday."@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21699049@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fireman's is part of a $38 million syndicate that supplies business interruption insurance to the city on the Bay Bridge, which must pay employees during the three weeks or more it is expected to be out of service and deprived of toll income.@@@@1@43@@oe@2-2-2013
21699050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@California lawmakers want to eliminate temporarily a $100 million cap on the amount of federal highway relief for each state for each disaster, as well as a prohibition on using the emergency highway aid to repair toll roads.@@@@1@38@@oe@2-2-2013
21699051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, under the highway-relief program, the federal government provides 100% of emergency highway aid for only the first 90 days of a repair effort.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21699052@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After that, the federal share diminishes.@@@@1@6@@oe@2-2-2013
21699053@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For interstate highways, the federal share normally would drop to 90% of the cost of repairs, and the state would have to pick up the remainder of the cost.@@@@1@29@@oe@2-2-2013
21699054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@But lawmakers want to extend the period for 100% federal funding for several months.@@@@1@14@@oe@2-2-2013
21699055@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Those changes also would apply to two areas hit hard by Hurricane Hugo -- South Carolina and the U.S. Virgin Islands, according to an aide to Rep. Fazio.@@@@1@28@@oe@2-2-2013
21699056@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Meanwhile, the FEMA announced a toll-free telephone number (800-462-9029) to expedite service to victims of the earthquake.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699057@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lines will be available 24 hours a day to take applications for such disaster relief as temporary housing and emergency home repairs by phone.@@@@1@24@@oe@2-2-2013
21699058@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transportation officials are expecting utter traffic pandemonium beginning Monday and growing worse over the next several weeks.@@@@1@17@@oe@2-2-2013
21699059@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some 250,000 cars normally cross the closed Bay Bridge between Oakland and San Francisco daily.@@@@1@15@@oe@2-2-2013
21699060@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Officials say it is clear that alternate routes can't handle the overflow.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21699061@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The state is calling in a flotilla of navy landing vessels and other boats to expand ferry service across the bay and hopes to add numerous new bus routes and train departures to help alleviate the traffic problem.@@@@1@38@@oe@2-2-2013
21699062@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, state officials are urging freight haulers to bypass many of the area's main highways and to travel late at night or during predawn hours.@@@@1@25@@oe@2-2-2013
21699063@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even so, "We're looking for chaos," said George Gray, a deputy district director at the California Department of Transportation.@@@@1@19@@oe@2-2-2013
21699064@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"If there's any way you can do it, you ought to go to Idaho and go fishing for a while."@@@@1@20@@oe@2-2-2013
21699065@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most of San Francisco's tourists and business travelers already have left -- despite hotel's offers of rate cuts.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699066@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"Everyone left," said Peter Lang, reservations manager of the Mark Hopkins Hotel.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013
21699067@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Westin St. Francis hotel, which survived the 1906 earthquake and fire, currently is less than 50% occupied.@@@@1@18@@oe@2-2-2013
21699068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"We still have our die-hard baseball fans," a spokesman said.@@@@1@10@@oe@2-2-2013
21699069@unknown@formal@none@1@S@"One lady from New York said she's not going home until the {World Series} is over."@@@@1@16@@oe@2-2-2013
21699070@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gerald F. Seib and Joe Davidson in Washington contributed to this article.@@@@1@12@@oe@2-2-2013