0 14 Anaphylatoxins Anaphylatoxin NNP 15 18 C5a C5a NNP 19 22 and and CC 23 26 C3a C3a NNP 27 33 induce induce VBP 34 41 nuclear nuclear JJ 42 48 factor factor NN 49 55 kappaB kappab NN 56 66 activation activation NN 67 69 in in IN 70 75 human human JJ 76 86 peripheral peripheral JJ 87 92 blood blood NN 93 102 monocytes monocyte NNS 102 103 . . . 105 108 The the DT 109 123 anaphylatoxins anaphylatoxin NNS 124 127 C5a C5a NNP 128 131 and and CC 132 135 C3a C3a NNP 136 139 are be VBP 140 148 involved involve VBN 149 151 in in IN 152 155 the the DT 156 166 regulation regulation NN 167 169 of of IN 170 178 cytokine cytokine NN 179 189 production production NN 189 190 . . . 191 193 In in IN 194 198 this this DT 199 204 study study NN 205 208 the the DT 209 219 capability capability NN 220 222 of of IN 223 226 C5a C5a NNP 227 230 and and CC 231 234 C3a C3a NNP 235 237 to to TO 238 244 induce induce VB 245 258 transcription transcription NN 259 265 factor factor NN 266 276 activation activation NN 277 280 was be VBD 281 289 examined examine VBN 289 290 . . . 291 294 C5a C5a NNP 295 298 and and CC 299 302 C3a C3a NNP 303 314 stimulation stimulation NN 315 317 of of IN 318 323 human human JJ 324 334 peripheral peripheral JJ 335 340 blood blood NN 341 350 monocytes monocyte NNS 351 359 resulted result VBD 360 362 in in IN 363 370 nuclear nuclear JJ 371 381 expression expression NN 382 384 of of IN 385 386 a a DT 387 390 DNA dna NN 391 398 binding binding NN 399 407 activity activity NN 408 412 with with IN 413 424 specificity specificity NN 425 427 to to TO 428 431 the the DT 432 438 kappaB kappab NN 439 447 sequence sequence NN 447 448 . . . 449 452 The the DT 453 456 p50 p50 NN 457 460 and and CC 461 464 p65 p65 NN 465 473 proteins protein NNS 473 474 , , , 475 487 constituents constituent NNS 488 490 of of IN 491 494 the the DT 495 505 prototypic prototypic JJ 506 513 nuclear nuclear JJ 514 520 factor factor NN 521 527 kappaB kappab NN 527 528 , , , 529 533 were be VBD 534 544 identified identify VBN 545 547 as as IN 548 558 components component NNS 559 561 of of IN 562 565 the the DT 566 577 DNA-protein dna-protein JJ 578 587 complexes complex NNS 588 590 by by IN 591 603 anti-peptide anti-peptide JJ 604 614 antibodies antibody NNS 615 617 in in IN 618 621 gel gel NN 622 632 supershift supershift NN 633 639 assays assay NNS 639 640 . . . 641 644 C5a C5a NNP 645 652 induced induce VBD 653 659 kappaB kappab NN 660 667 binding binding NN 668 676 activity activity NN 677 680 was be VBD 681 689 detected detect VBN 690 692 15 15 CD 693 696 min min NN 697 702 after after IN 703 710 agonist agonist NN 711 722 stimulation stimulation NN 722 723 , , , 724 730 peaked peak VBD 731 733 at at IN 734 739 30-40 30-40 CD 740 743 min min NN 743 744 , , , 745 748 and and CC 749 757 remained remain VBD 758 768 detectable detectable JJ 769 771 at at IN 772 773 2 2 CD 774 776 h. h. NN 777 784 Binding binding NN 785 787 to to TO 788 794 kappaB kappab NN 795 803 sequence sequence NN 804 807 was be VBD 808 819 accompanied accompany VBN 820 822 by by IN 823 825 an an DT 826 833 initial initial JJ 834 842 decrease decrease NN 843 846 and and CC 847 857 subsequent subsequent JJ 858 866 increase increase NN 867 869 in in IN 870 873 the the DT 874 885 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ 886 898 IkappaBalpha IkappaBalpha NNP 899 905 levels level NNS 905 906 , , , 907 909 as as IN 910 918 detected detect VBN 919 921 by by IN 922 929 Western western JJ 930 938 blotting blotting NN 939 944 using use VBG 945 947 an an DT 948 965 anti-IkappaBalpha anti-ikappabalpha JJ 966 974 antibody antibody NN 974 975 . . . 976 985 Pertussis pertussis NN 986 991 toxin toxin NN 992 1001 treatment treatment NN 1002 1010 markedly markedly RB 1011 1020 decreased decrease VBD 1021 1027 kappaB kappab NN 1028 1035 binding binding NN 1036 1046 activities activity NNS 1047 1054 induced induce VBN 1055 1057 by by IN 1058 1062 both both CC 1063 1066 C5a C5a NNP 1067 1070 and and CC 1071 1074 C3a C3a NNP 1074 1075 , , , 1076 1083 whereas whereas IN 1084 1091 cholera cholera NN 1092 1097 toxin toxin NN 1098 1107 displayed display VBD 1108 1110 no no DT 1111 1121 inhibitory inhibitory JJ 1122 1128 effect effect NN 1128 1129 . . . 1130 1137 Neither neither DT 1138 1140 of of IN 1141 1144 the the DT 1145 1148 two two CD 1149 1155 toxins toxin NNS 1156 1164 affected affect VBD 1165 1171 kappaB kappab NN 1172 1179 binding binding NN 1180 1188 activity activity NN 1189 1196 induced induce VBN 1197 1199 by by IN 1200 1208 TNFalpha TNFalpha NNP 1209 1211 in in IN 1212 1215 the the DT 1216 1220 same same JJ 1221 1226 cells cell NNS 1226 1227 . . . 1228 1233 These these DT 1234 1241 results result NNS 1242 1247 imply imply VBP 1248 1249 a a DT 1250 1259 potential potential JJ 1260 1264 role role NN 1265 1267 of of IN 1268 1271 the the DT 1272 1286 anaphylatoxins anaphylatoxin NNS 1287 1290 C5a C5a NNP 1291 1294 and and CC 1295 1298 C3a C3a NNP 1299 1301 in in IN 1302 1312 regulating regulate VBG 1313 1323 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 1324 1328 gene gene NN 1329 1339 expression expression NN 1340 1347 through through IN 1348 1349 G G NNP 1350 1365 protein-coupled protein-coupled JJ 1366 1379 transcription transcription NN 1380 1386 factor factor NN 1387 1397 activation activation NN 1397 1398 . . .