0 8 Oxidants Oxidant NNP 8 9 , , , 10 23 transcription transcription NN 24 31 factors factor NNS 31 32 , , , 33 36 and and CC 37 47 intestinal intestinal JJ 48 60 inflammation inflammation NN 60 61 . . . 63 65 It it PRP 66 68 is be VBZ 69 72 now now RB 73 77 well well RB 78 89 appreciated appreciate VBN 90 94 that that IN 95 102 chronic chronic JJ 103 106 gut gut NN 107 119 inflammation inflammation NN 120 122 is be VBZ 123 136 characterized characterize VBN 137 139 by by IN 140 148 enhanced enhance VBN 149 159 production production NN 160 162 of of IN 163 171 reactive reactive JJ 172 183 metabolites metabolite NNS 184 186 of of IN 187 193 oxygen oxygen NN 194 197 and and CC 198 206 nitrogen nitrogen NN 206 207 . . . 208 212 Some some DT 213 215 of of IN 216 221 these these DT 222 230 oxidants oxidant NNS 231 234 are be VBP 235 240 known know VBN 241 243 to to TO 244 252 modulate modulate VB 253 256 the the DT 257 267 expression expression NN 268 270 of of IN 271 272 a a DT 273 280 variety variety NN 281 283 of of IN 284 289 genes gene NNS 290 294 that that WDT 295 298 are be VBP 299 307 involved involve VBN 308 310 in in IN 311 314 the the DT 315 321 immune immune JJ 322 325 and and CC 326 338 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 339 348 responses response NNS 348 349 . . . 350 353 For for IN 354 361 example example NN 361 362 , , , 363 370 certain certain JJ 371 379 oxidants oxidant NNS 380 383 are be VBP 384 389 known know VBN 390 392 to to TO 393 401 activate activate VB 402 405 the the DT 406 413 nuclear nuclear JJ 414 427 transcription transcription NN 428 434 factor factor NN 435 440 kappa kappa NN 441 442 B B NNP 442 443 , , , 444 449 which which WDT 450 459 regulates regulate VBZ 460 463 the the DT 464 474 expression expression NN 475 477 of of IN 478 479 a a DT 480 487 variety variety NN 488 490 of of IN 491 500 different different JJ 501 509 adhesion adhesion NN 510 519 molecules molecule NNS 519 520 , , , 521 530 cytokines cytokine NNS 530 531 , , , 532 535 and and CC 536 543 enzymes enzyme NNS 543 544 . . . 545 553 Oxidants oxidant NNS 554 557 are be VBP 558 562 also also RB 563 568 known know VBN 569 571 to to TO 572 580 activate activate VB 581 588 another another DT 589 602 transcription transcription NN 603 609 factor factor NN 609 610 , , , 611 620 activator activator NN 621 630 protein-1 protein-1 NN 630 631 . . . 632 636 This this DT 637 650 transcription transcription NN 651 657 factor factor NN 658 660 is be VBZ 661 669 composed compose VBN 670 672 of of IN 673 681 products product NNS 682 686 from from IN 687 690 the the DT 691 694 fos fos NN 695 698 and and CC 699 702 jun jun NN 703 717 proto-oncogene proto-oncogene NN 718 724 family family NN 725 728 and and CC 729 731 is be VBZ 732 740 believed believe VBN 741 743 to to TO 744 746 be be VB 747 756 important important JJ 757 759 in in IN 760 770 regulating regulate VBG 771 775 cell cell NN 776 782 growth growth NN 783 786 and and CC 787 800 proliferation proliferation NN 800 801 . . . 802 809 Finally finally RB 809 810 , , , 811 819 oxidants oxidant NNS 820 823 are be VBP 824 832 believed believe VBN 833 835 to to TO 836 843 promote promote VB 844 854 intestinal intestinal JJ 855 865 epithelial epithelial JJ 866 870 cell cell NN 871 880 apoptosis apoptosis NN 880 881 , , , 882 885 and and CC 886 889 the the DT 890 896 B-cell b-cell NN 897 916 lymphoma/leukemia-2 lymphoma/leukemia-2 NN 917 921 gene gene NN 922 929 product product NN 930 932 is be VBZ 933 941 believed believe VBN 942 944 to to TO 945 952 inhibit inhibit VB 953 957 this this DT 958 968 phenomenon phenomenon NN 969 971 in in IN 972 974 an an DT 975 996 antioxidant-dependent antioxidant-dependent JJ 997 1003 manner manner NN 1003 1004 . . . 1005 1010 Taken take VBN 1011 1019 together together RB 1019 1020 , , , 1021 1026 these these DT 1027 1039 observations observation NNS 1040 1047 suggest suggest VBP 1048 1052 that that IN 1053 1061 nontoxic nontoxic JJ 1062 1076 concentrations concentration NNS 1077 1079 of of IN 1080 1088 reactive reactive JJ 1089 1100 metabolites metabolite NNS 1101 1103 of of IN 1104 1110 oxygen oxygen NN 1111 1114 and and CC 1115 1123 nitrogen nitrogen NN 1124 1128 play play VBP 1129 1131 an an DT 1132 1141 important important JJ 1142 1146 role role NN 1147 1149 in in IN 1150 1160 regulating regulate VBG 1161 1164 the the DT 1165 1175 expression expression NN 1176 1178 of of IN 1179 1184 genes gene NNS 1185 1193 involved involve VBN 1194 1196 in in IN 1197 1200 the the DT 1201 1213 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 1214 1222 response response NN 1223 1226 and and CC 1227 1229 in in IN 1230 1240 modulating modulate VBG 1241 1250 apoptosis apoptosis NN 1250 1251 . . .