0 5 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 6 9 Nef Nef NNP 10 17 protein protein NN 18 26 inhibits inhibit VBZ 27 30 the the DT 31 42 recruitment recruitment NN 43 45 of of IN 46 50 AP-1 ap-1 NN 51 62 DNA-binding dna-binding JJ 63 71 activity activity NN 72 74 in in IN 75 80 human human JJ 81 88 T-cells t-cell NNS 88 89 . . . 91 94 The the DT 95 100 human human JJ 101 117 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 118 123 virus virus NN 124 128 type type NN 129 130 1 1 CD 131 135 long long JJ 136 144 terminal terminal JJ 145 151 repeat repeat NN 151 152 , , , 153 162 HIV-1-LTR HIV-1-LTR NNP 162 163 , , , 164 172 contains contain VBZ 173 180 binding bind VBG 181 186 sites site NNS 187 190 for for IN 191 198 several several JJ 199 207 cellular cellular JJ 208 221 transcription transcription NN 222 229 factors factor NNS 230 235 which which WDT 236 246 contribute contribute VBP 247 249 to to TO 250 255 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 256 260 gene gene NN 261 271 expression expression NN 271 272 . . . 273 276 Our our PRP$ 277 285 previous previous JJ 286 293 studies study NNS 294 296 on on IN 297 300 the the DT 301 309 function function NN 310 312 of of IN 313 316 the the DT 317 330 HIV-1-encoded hiv-1-encoded JJ 331 334 Nef nef NN 335 342 protein protein NN 343 352 suggested suggest VBD 353 357 that that IN 358 361 Nef Nef NNP 362 365 may may MD 366 368 be be VB 369 371 an an DT 372 381 inhibitor inhibitor NN 382 387 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 388 401 transcription transcription NN 401 402 . . . 403 405 To to TO 406 415 determine determine VB 416 423 whether whether IN 424 427 Nef Nef NNP 428 435 affects affect VBZ 436 439 the the DT 440 447 binding binding NN 448 450 of of IN 451 459 cellular cellular JJ 460 467 factors factor NNS 468 478 implicated implicate VBN 479 481 in in IN 482 487 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 488 498 regulation regulation NN 498 499 , , , 500 511 32P-labeled 32p-labeled JJ 512 528 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 529 542 corresponding correspond VBG 543 545 to to TO 546 549 the the DT 550 557 binding bind VBG 558 563 sites site NNS 564 568 were be VBD 569 578 incubated incubate VBN 579 583 with with IN 584 591 nuclear nuclear JJ 592 600 extracts extract NNS 601 609 prepared prepare VBN 610 614 from from IN 615 629 Nef-expressing nef-expressing JJ 630 636 T-cell t-cell NN 637 642 lines line NNS 643 647 that that WDT 648 652 were be VBD 653 656 not not RB 657 667 stimulated stimulate VBN 668 670 or or CC 671 675 were be VBD 676 686 stimulated stimulate VBN 687 691 with with IN 692 698 T-cell t-cell NN 699 707 mitogens mitogen NNS 707 708 . . . 709 711 We we PRP 712 717 found find VBD 718 722 that that IN 723 726 Nef Nef NNP 727 736 inhibited inhibit VBD 737 740 the the DT 741 752 recruitment recruitment NN 753 755 of of IN 756 760 AP-1 ap-1 NN 761 772 DNA-binding dna-binding JJ 773 781 activity activity NN 782 784 in in IN 785 803 mitogen-stimulated mitogen-stimulated JJ 804 809 human human JJ 810 817 T-cells t-cell NNS 817 818 . . . 819 831 Additionally additionally RB 831 832 , , , 833 836 Nef Nef NNP 837 847 expressing expressing NN 848 853 cells cell NNS 854 858 were be VBD 859 870 transiently transiently RB 871 882 transfected transfecte VBN 883 887 with with IN 888 889 a a DT 890 897 plasmid plasmid NN 898 900 in in IN 901 906 which which WDT 907 912 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 913 917 AP-1 AP-1 NNP 918 921 DNA DNA NNP 922 933 recognition recognition NN 934 943 sequences sequence NNS 944 948 were be VBD 949 955 cloned clone VBN 956 966 downstream downstream RB 967 969 of of IN 970 973 the the DT 974 989 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN 990 1007 acetyltransferase acetyltransferase NN 1008 1009 ( ( ( 1009 1012 CAT CAT NNP 1012 1013 ) ) ) 1014 1018 gene gene NN 1018 1019 . . . 1020 1036 Mitogen-mediated mitogen-mediated JJ 1037 1052 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1053 1063 activation activation NN 1064 1066 of of IN 1067 1070 the the DT 1071 1074 CAT CAT NNP 1075 1079 gene gene NN 1080 1082 in in IN 1083 1087 this this DT 1088 1097 construct construct NN 1098 1101 was be VBD 1102 1111 inhibited inhibit VBN 1112 1114 in in IN 1115 1129 Nef-expressing nef-expressing JJ 1130 1135 cells cell NNS 1136 1139 but but CC 1140 1143 not not RB 1144 1146 in in IN 1147 1154 control control NN 1155 1160 cells cell NNS 1160 1161 . . . 1162 1167 These these DT 1168 1175 studies study NNS 1176 1183 suggest suggest VBP 1184 1188 that that IN 1188 1189 , , , 1190 1192 by by IN 1193 1203 inhibiting inhibit VBG 1204 1208 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1209 1219 activation activation NN 1219 1220 , , , 1221 1224 Nef Nef NNP 1225 1228 may may MD 1229 1233 play play VB 1234 1235 a a DT 1236 1240 role role NN 1241 1243 in in IN 1244 1254 regulating regulate VBG 1255 1260 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1261 1265 gene gene NN 1266 1276 expression expression NN 1277 1279 in in IN 1280 1288 infected infected JJ 1289 1296 T-cells t-cell NNS 1296 1297 . . .