0 28 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent calcium/calmodulin-dependent JJ 29 36 protein protein NN 37 43 kinase kinase NNP 44 46 II ii CD 47 60 downregulates downregulate VBZ 61 65 both both CC 66 77 calcineurin calcineurin NN 78 81 and and CC 82 89 protein protein NN 90 96 kinase kinase NNP 97 107 C-mediated c-mediated JJ 108 116 pathways pathway NNS 117 120 for for IN 121 129 cytokine cytokine NN 130 134 gene gene NN 135 148 transcription transcription NN 149 151 in in IN 152 157 human human JJ 158 159 T t NN 160 165 cells cell NNS 165 166 . . . 168 178 Engagement engagement NN 179 181 of of IN 182 185 the the DT 186 187 T t NN 188 192 cell cell NN 193 201 receptor receptor NN 202 205 for for IN 206 213 antigen antigen NN 214 223 activates activate VBZ 224 237 phospholipase phospholipase NN 238 239 C C NNP 240 249 resulting result VBG 250 252 in in IN 253 255 an an DT 256 264 increase increase NN 265 267 in in IN 268 281 intracellular intracellular JJ 282 286 free free JJ 287 294 calcium calcium NN 295 308 concentration concentration NN 309 310 ( ( ( 310 311 [ [ ( 311 317 Ca2+]i ca2+]i NN 317 318 ) ) ) 319 322 and and CC 323 333 activation activation NN 334 336 of of IN 337 344 protein protein NN 345 351 kinase kinase NNP 352 353 C C NNP 354 355 ( ( ( 355 358 PKC PKC NNP 358 359 ) ) ) 359 360 . . . 361 370 Increased increase VBN 371 372 [ [ ( 372 378 Ca2+]i Ca2+]i NNP 379 388 activates activate VBZ 389 414 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent ca2+/calmodulin-dependent JJ 415 422 kinases kinase NNS 423 432 including include VBG 433 436 the the DT 437 452 multifunctional multifunctional JJ 453 478 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent ca2+/calmodulin-dependent JJ 479 486 protein protein NN 487 493 kinase kinase NNP 494 496 II ii CD 497 498 ( ( ( 498 503 CaM-K CaM-K NNP 504 506 II ii CD 506 507 ) ) ) 507 508 , , , 509 511 as as RB 512 516 well well RB 517 519 as as IN 520 531 calcineurin calcineurin NN 531 532 , , , 533 534 a a DT 535 539 type type NN 540 542 2B 2b NN 543 550 protein protein NN 551 562 phosphatase phosphatase NN 562 563 . . . 564 570 Recent recent JJ 571 578 studies study NNS 579 583 have have VBP 584 594 identified identify VBN 595 606 calcineurin calcineurin NN 607 609 as as IN 610 611 a a DT 612 615 key key JJ 616 622 enzyme enzyme NN 623 626 for for IN 627 638 interleukin interleukin NN 639 640 ( ( ( 640 645 IL)-2 il)-2 NN 646 649 and and CC 650 654 IL-4 il-4 NN 655 663 promoter promoter NN 664 674 activation activation NN 674 675 . . . 676 683 However however RB 683 684 , , , 685 688 the the DT 689 693 role role NN 694 696 of of IN 697 702 CaM-K CaM-K NNP 703 705 II ii CD 706 713 remains remain VBZ 714 721 unknown unknown JJ 721 722 . . . 723 725 We we PRP 726 730 have have VBP 731 735 used use VBN 736 743 mutants mutant NNS 744 746 of of IN 747 752 these these DT 753 760 kinases kinase NNS 761 764 and and CC 765 777 phosphatases phosphatas NNS 778 779 ( ( ( 779 784 gamma gamma NN 785 792 B*CaM-K b*cam-k NN 793 796 and and CC 797 802 delta delta NN 803 809 CaM-AI CaM-AI NNP 809 810 , , , 811 823 respectively respectively RB 823 824 ) ) ) 825 827 to to TO 828 835 explore explore VB 836 841 their their PRP$ 842 850 relative relative JJ 851 855 role role NN 856 858 in in IN 859 867 cytokine cytokine NN 868 872 gene gene NN 873 886 transcription transcription NN 887 890 and and CC 891 896 their their PRP$ 897 909 interactions interaction NNS 910 914 with with IN 915 928 PKC-dependent pkc-dependent JJ 929 938 signaling signaling NN 939 947 systems. systems. NN 948 953 gamma gamma NN 954 961 B*CaM-K b*cam-k NN 962 965 and and CC 966 971 delta delta NN 972 978 CaM-AI CaM-AI NNP 978 979 , , , 980 985 known know VBN 986 988 to to TO 989 996 exhibit exhibit VB 997 1009 constitutive constitutive JJ 1010 1028 Ca(2+)-independent ca(2+)-independent JJ 1029 1037 activity activity NN 1037 1038 , , , 1039 1043 were be VBD 1044 1057 cotransfected cotransfecte VBN 1058 1059 ( ( ( 1059 1064 alone alone RB 1065 1067 or or CC 1068 1070 in in IN 1071 1082 combination combination NN 1082 1083 ) ) ) 1084 1086 in in IN 1087 1093 Jurkat Jurkat NNP 1094 1095 T t NN 1096 1101 cells cell NNS 1102 1106 with with IN 1107 1108 a a DT 1109 1116 plasmid plasmid NN 1117 1127 containing contain VBG 1128 1131 the the DT 1132 1138 intact intact JJ 1139 1143 IL-2 il-2 NN 1144 1152 promoter promoter NN 1153 1160 driving drive VBG 1161 1164 the the DT 1165 1175 expression expression NN 1176 1178 of of IN 1179 1182 the the DT 1183 1198 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN 1199 1216 acetyltransferase acetyltransferase NN 1217 1225 reporter reporter NN 1226 1230 gene gene NN 1230 1231 . . . 1232 1246 Cotransfection cotransfection NN 1247 1249 of of IN 1250 1255 gamma gamma NN 1256 1263 B*CaM-K b*cam-k NN 1264 1268 with with IN 1269 1272 the the DT 1273 1277 IL-2 il-2 NN 1278 1286 promoter promoter NN 1287 1296 construct construct NN 1297 1310 downregulated downregulate VBD 1311 1314 its its PRP$ 1315 1328 transcription transcription NN 1329 1331 in in IN 1332 1340 response response NN 1341 1343 to to TO 1344 1355 stimulation stimulation NN 1356 1360 with with IN 1361 1370 ionomycin ionomycin NN 1371 1374 and and CC 1375 1382 phorbol phorbol NN 1383 1392 myristate myristate NN 1393 1400 acetate acetate NN 1401 1402 ( ( ( 1402 1405 PMA PMA NNP 1405 1406 ) ) ) 1406 1407 . . . 1408 1411 The the DT 1412 1422 inhibitory inhibitory JJ 1423 1429 effect effect NN 1430 1432 of of IN 1433 1438 CaM-K CaM-K NNP 1439 1441 II ii CD 1442 1444 on on IN 1445 1449 IL-2 il-2 NN 1450 1458 promoter promoter NN 1459 1462 was be VBD 1463 1473 associated associate VBN 1474 1478 with with IN 1479 1488 decreased decrease VBN 1489 1502 transcription transcription NN 1503 1505 of of IN 1506 1509 its its PRP$ 1510 1514 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1515 1518 and and CC 1519 1524 NF-AT nf-at NN 1525 1540 transactivating transactivating NN 1541 1549 pathways pathway NNS 1549 1550 . . . 1551 1556 Under under IN 1557 1560 the the DT 1561 1565 same same JJ 1566 1576 conditions condition NNS 1576 1577 , , , 1578 1583 delta delta NN 1584 1590 CaM-AI CaM-AI NNP 1591 1603 superinduced superinduce VBD 1604 1608 IL-2 il-2 NN 1609 1617 promoter promoter NN 1618 1626 activity activity NN 1627 1628 ( ( ( 1628 1641 approximately approximately RB 1642 1649 twofold twofold JJ 1650 1658 increase increase NN 1658 1659 ) ) ) 1659 1660 . . . 1661 1665 When when WRB 1666 1670 both both DT 1671 1678 mutants mutant NNS 1679 1683 were be VBD 1684 1688 used use VBN 1689 1691 in in IN 1692 1703 combination combination NN 1703 1704 , , , 1705 1710 gamma gamma NN 1711 1718 B*CaM-K b*cam-k NN 1719 1728 inhibited inhibit VBD 1729 1732 the the DT 1733 1742 induction induction NN 1743 1745 of of IN 1746 1749 the the DT 1750 1754 IL-2 il-2 NN 1755 1763 promoter promoter NN 1764 1766 by by IN 1767 1772 delta delta NN 1773 1779 CaM-AI CaM-AI NNP 1779 1780 . . . 1781 1788 Similar similar JJ 1789 1796 results result NNS 1797 1801 were be VBD 1802 1810 obtained obtain VBN 1811 1815 when when WRB 1816 1817 a a DT 1818 1827 construct construct NN 1828 1838 containing contain VBG 1839 1842 the the DT 1843 1847 IL-4 il-4 NN 1848 1856 promoter promoter NN 1857 1861 also also RB 1862 1865 was be VBD 1866 1871 used. used. JJ 1872 1877 gamma gamma NN 1878 1885 B*CaM-K b*cam-k NN 1886 1890 also also RB 1891 1904 downregulated downregulate VBD 1905 1908 the the DT 1909 1919 activation activation NN 1920 1922 of of IN 1923 1927 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1928 1930 in in IN 1931 1939 response response NN 1940 1942 to to TO 1943 1955 transfection transfection NN 1956 1960 with with IN 1961 1962 a a DT 1963 1977 constitutively constitutively RB 1978 1984 active active JJ 1985 1991 mutant mutant NN 1992 1994 of of IN 1995 1998 PKC PKC NNP 1999 2001 or or CC 2002 2013 stimulation stimulation NN 2014 2018 with with IN 2019 2022 PMA PMA NNP 2022 2023 . . . 2024 2029 These these DT 2030 2037 results result NNS 2038 2045 suggest suggest VBP 2046 2050 that that IN 2051 2056 CaM-K CaM-K NNP 2057 2059 II ii CD 2060 2063 may may MD 2064 2069 exert exert VB 2070 2078 negative negative JJ 2079 2089 influences influence NNS 2090 2092 on on IN 2093 2101 cytokine cytokine NN 2102 2106 gene gene NN 2107 2120 transcription transcription NN 2121 2123 in in IN 2124 2129 human human JJ 2130 2131 T t NN 2132 2137 cells cell NNS 2137 2138 , , , 2139 2142 and and CC 2143 2150 provide provide VB 2151 2162 preliminary preliminary JJ 2163 2171 evidence evidence NN 2172 2175 for for IN 2176 2184 negative negative JJ 2185 2195 cross-talk cross-talk NN 2196 2200 with with IN 2201 2204 the the DT 2205 2217 calcineurin- calcineurin- NN 2218 2221 and and CC 2222 2226 PKC- pkc- NN 2227 2236 dependent dependent JJ 2237 2246 signaling signaling NN 2247 2254 systems system NNS 2254 2255 . . .