0 8 Analysis Analysis NNP 9 11 of of IN 12 15 the the DT 16 26 modulation modulation NN 27 29 of of IN 30 45 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 46 54 activity activity NN 55 57 in in IN 58 70 myelopoiesis myelopoiesis NN 71 74 and and CC 75 89 leukemogenesis leukemogenesis NN 89 90 . . . 92 97 Acute acute JJ 98 105 myeloid myeloid JJ 106 114 leukemia leukemia NN 115 116 ( ( ( 116 119 AML AML NNP 119 120 ) ) ) 121 123 is be VBZ 124 129 still still RB 130 140 associated associate VBN 141 145 with with IN 146 147 a a DT 148 157 mortality mortality NN 158 160 of of IN 161 163 60 60 CD 164 166 to to TO 167 169 80 80 CD 169 170 % % NN 170 171 . . . 172 175 AML AML NNP 176 178 is be VBZ 179 192 characterized characterize VBN 193 195 by by IN 196 197 a a DT 198 203 block block NN 204 206 in in IN 207 214 myeloid myeloid JJ 215 230 differentiation differentiation NN 230 231 . . . 232 235 The the DT 236 249 transcription transcription NN 250 257 factors factor NNS 258 262 PU.1 PU.1 NNP 263 266 and and CC 267 277 C/EBPalpha C/EBPalpha NNP 278 281 are be VBP 282 293 responsible responsible JJ 294 297 for for IN 298 304 normal normal JJ 305 312 myeloid myeloid JJ 313 328 differentiation differentiation NN 329 333 from from IN 334 338 stem stem NN 339 344 cells cell NNS 345 347 to to TO 348 357 monocytes monocyte NNS 358 360 or or CC 361 373 granulocytes granulocyte NNS 373 374 . . . 375 377 In in IN 378 388 particular particular JJ 388 389 , , , 390 394 PU.1 PU.1 NNP 395 402 induces induce VBZ 403 413 expression expression NN 414 416 of of IN 417 420 the the DT 421 431 macrophage macrophage NN 432 450 colony-stimulating colony-stimulating JJ 451 457 factor factor NN 458 459 ( ( ( 459 464 M-CSF M-CSF NNP 464 465 ) ) ) 466 474 receptor receptor NN 475 478 and and CC 479 482 the the DT 483 494 development development NN 495 497 of of IN 498 507 monocytes monocyte NNS 507 508 , , , 509 516 whereas whereas IN 517 527 C/EBPalpha C/EBPalpha NNP 528 537 increases increase VBZ 538 541 the the DT 542 552 expression expression NN 553 555 of of IN 556 559 the the DT 560 571 granulocyte granulocyte NN 572 590 colony-stimulating colony-stimulating JJ 591 597 factor factor NN 598 599 ( ( ( 599 604 G-CSF G-CSF NNP 604 605 ) ) ) 606 614 receptor receptor NN 615 618 and and CC 619 624 leads lead VBZ 625 627 to to TO 628 634 mature mature JJ 635 647 granulocytes granulocyte NNS 647 648 . . . 649 651 In in IN 652 655 AML AML NNP 655 656 , , , 657 668 chromosomal chromosomal JJ 669 680 aberrations aberration NNS 681 687 result result VBP 688 690 in in IN 691 703 oncoproteins oncoprotein NNS 704 708 such such JJ 709 711 as as IN 712 720 AML1/ETO AML1/ETO NNP 720 721 , , , 722 734 PML/RARalpha PML/RARalpha NNP 734 735 , , , 736 738 or or CC 739 748 activated activate VBN 749 752 Ras ras NN 752 753 , , , 754 759 which which WDT 760 763 can can MD 764 774 deregulate deregulate VB 775 780 genes gene NNS 781 790 important important JJ 791 794 for for IN 795 801 normal normal JJ 802 814 myelopoiesis myelopoiesis NN 814 815 . . . 816 820 Thus thus RB 820 821 , , , 822 830 AML1/ETO AML1/ETO NNP 831 834 can can MD 835 839 bind bind VB 840 842 to to TO 843 846 the the DT 847 860 transcription transcription NN 861 867 factor factor NN 868 878 C/EBPalpha C/EBPalpha NNP 878 879 , , , 880 887 inhibit inhibit VBP 888 908 C/EBPalpha-dependent c/ebpalpha-dependent JJ 909 922 transcription transcription NN 922 923 , , , 924 927 and and CC 928 933 block block VB 934 946 granulocytic granulocytic JJ 947 962 differentiation differentiation NN 962 963 . . . 964 971 However however RB 971 972 , , , 973 981 AML1/ETO AML1/ETO NNP 982 985 can can MD 986 990 also also RB 991 1000 synergize synergize VB 1001 1005 with with IN 1006 1009 the the DT 1010 1023 transcription transcription NN 1024 1030 factor factor NN 1031 1035 AML1 aml1 NN 1036 1038 to to TO 1039 1046 enhance enhance VB 1047 1050 the the DT 1051 1059 activity activity NN 1060 1062 of of IN 1063 1066 the the DT 1067 1072 M-CSF M-CSF NNP 1073 1081 receptor receptor NN 1082 1090 promoter promoter NN 1090 1091 . . . 1092 1094 On on IN 1095 1098 the the DT 1099 1104 other other JJ 1105 1109 hand hand NN 1109 1110 , , , 1111 1114 the the DT 1115 1127 PML/RARalpha PML/RARalpha NNP 1128 1134 fusion fusion NN 1135 1142 protein protein NN 1143 1149 causes cause VBZ 1150 1165 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1166 1176 repression repression NN 1177 1179 by by IN 1180 1190 recruiting recruit VBG 1191 1194 the the DT 1195 1202 nuclear nuclear JJ 1203 1214 corepressor corepressor NN 1215 1216 ( ( ( 1216 1221 N-CoR N-CoR NNP 1221 1222 ) ) ) 1223 1230 histone histone NN 1231 1242 deacetylase deacetylase NN 1243 1250 complex complex NN 1251 1253 to to TO 1254 1257 the the DT 1258 1261 DNA dna NN 1261 1262 , , , 1263 1268 which which WDT 1269 1276 results result VBZ 1277 1279 in in IN 1280 1289 decreased decrease VBN 1290 1297 histone histone NN 1298 1309 acetylation acetylation NN 1310 1313 and and CC 1314 1315 a a DT 1316 1326 repressive repressive JJ 1327 1336 chromatin chromatin NN 1337 1349 organization organization NN 1349 1350 . . . 1351 1355 Here here RB 1356 1358 we we PRP 1359 1367 describe describe VBP 1368 1375 methods method NNS 1376 1378 to to TO 1379 1390 investigate investigate VB 1391 1398 whether whether IN 1399 1402 and and CC 1403 1406 how how WRB 1407 1416 signaling signaling NN 1417 1425 agonists agonist NNS 1426 1432 induce induce VBP 1433 1440 myeloid myeloid JJ 1441 1456 differentiation differentiation NN 1457 1460 and and CC 1461 1464 how how WRB 1465 1477 oncoproteins oncoprotein NNS 1478 1483 might might MD 1484 1489 cause cause VB 1490 1493 AML AML NNP 1494 1496 by by IN 1497 1507 modulating modulate VBG 1508 1511 the the DT 1512 1520 activity activity NN 1521 1523 of of IN 1524 1537 transcription transcription NN 1538 1545 factors factor NNS 1546 1550 that that WDT 1551 1554 are be VBP 1555 1562 pivotal pivotal JJ 1563 1566 for for IN 1567 1573 normal normal JJ 1574 1581 myeloid myeloid JJ 1582 1593 development development NN 1593 1594 . . . 1595 1604 Copyright Copyright NNP 1605 1609 1999 1999 CD 1610 1618 Academic Academic NNP 1619 1624 Press Press NNP 1624 1625 . . .